Lecture 5 - Chemical Hazards

Question 1

Classifying Chemical Hazards

Answer 1

by structure, source, use, mechanism of action, environmental properties, target organ

Question 2

Properties of Chemicals

Answer 2

Molecular weight, volatility, chemical species, isomers (same formula) and congeners (same basic structure), polarity and solubility

Question 3

Inorganic compounds

Answer 3

simple asphyxiants, chemical asphyxiants, inorganic acids and bases, metals,

Question 4

metals; general principles and examples

Answer 4

ubiquitous, elemental (don’t break down) many bioaccumulate in system and our bodies, most are essential for nutrition, nuerotoxicity, kidney toxicity, acute and chronic toxicity

lead, arsenic, chromium, cadmium,

Question 5

Organic Chemicals

Answer 5

organic solvents, PAH, pesticides
endocrine disruptors or other emerging chemicals of concern
cns and skin irritation, carcinogenicity,

Question 6

Emerging chemicals of concern

Answer 6

phthalates, parabens, PBDEs,

Question 7

Hazard Communication and GHS

Answer 7

federal hazard communication standard, its general, must have MSDSs, revised in 2012 to align w/ GHS, depends on behavior modification

the HCS requires that MSDSs must be available to workers. MSDS includes information on hazard identification, first aid measures, physical and chemical properties,

Question 8

GHS

Answer 8

international classification and labeling system instituted by UN, based on health, physical and environmental hazards, specifies information that should be on sheet, qualitative strategy for determining and communicating risk

enhaces protection of human health, provide recognized framework to develop regulations for those countries without existing systems, facilitate trade, reduce need for testing

Question 9

NIOSH pocket guide

Answer 9

made for on the shop floor, first-aid information, personal protection, chemical and physical properties, exposure routes,

Question 10

ICSC

Answer 10

international chemical safety cards, us version of ICSC have been modified by NIOSH to include OSHA PELs, NIOSH RELs., immediately to life and health values (IDLHs)

Question 11

Limitations of MSDSs and NPG/ICSCs

Answer 11

downstream risks vary according to how substance is used

Question 12

ToxFAQ

Answer 12

taken from ATSDR, fact sheets about frequently asked questions on each chemical.

Question 13

Toxilogical Profiles

Answer 13

the agency for toxic substances and disease registry produces “toxilogical profiles” for hazardous substances found at NPL sites

Question 14

TOXNET

Answer 14

databases on toxicology, managed by the National Library of Medicine