Lecture 4 - Regulations

Question 1

EPA regulations (8)

Answer 1

CAA, CWA
CERCLA (superfund)
FIFRA/FFDCA/FQPA
RCRA (resource conservation and recovery)
SDWA
SARA (superfund ammendments)
TSCA

Question 2

CAA

Answer 2

stationary and mobile sources

Question 3

CWA

Answer 3

best available technology

Question 4

SDWA

Answer 4

set limits for end-tap water based on chemical and biological hazards. MCLs MCLGs based on a reference dose

Question 5

RCRA

Answer 5

regulating hazardous waste, wherever feasible, hazardous waste creation should be eliminated

Question 6

regulating hazardous waste

Answer 6

CERCLA (recovery of remidiation costs from responsible parties is challenging), SARA - highest priority sites are placed on the NPL (national priority list)

Question 7

TSCA

Answer 7

EPA requires data from industry on production use and safe handling of chemicals
requires manufacturer or new chemicals to detail known information about chemical

Question 8

Food Safety systems

Answer 8

FDA, USDA, EPA (pesticides), FDA mission is assure safety of drugs and biological products, medical devices, FFDCA federal food drug cosmetics, FIFRA (controls pesticides)
both improved by the landmark FQPA
defines acceptable daily intakes (ADIs) for food additives and contaminants (intended to be amount that can be ingested daily for lifetime without harm)

Question 9

FQPA

Answer 9

uses a reasonable certainty of no harm (rather than where is the harm) eliminates longstanding problems with multiple standards for pesticides in raw and processed foods

requires consideration of all non-occupational sources of exposure

special consideration for infants and children

endocrine disruptors

Question 10

CPSC

Answer 10

consumer products safety commission, has mandate to set standards that are reasonable necessary to protect against injury associated with consumer products

Question 11

REACH

Answer 11

registration of chemicals in Europe. shifts burden of proof to industry to say that a chemical is not hazardous, as opposed to in the US having to say that a chemical is hazardous.
Reach also calls for progressive substitution of chemicals when suitable alternatives have been identified
early prevention