Lecture 5 Bone and Soft Tissue Tumours Flashcards
Define a Sarcoma
Malignant tumours arising from connective tissues
How does sarcomas spread
Along fascial planes
Haematogenous spread to lungs
Name benign bone-forming tumours
Osteoid osteoma
Osteoblastoma
Name a malignant bone-forming tumours
Osteosarcoma
Name benign cartilage forming tumours
Enchondroma
Osteochondroma
Name a malignant cartilage forming tumour
Chondrosarcoma
Name a benign fibrous tissue tumour
Fibroma
Name a malignant fibrous tumour
Fibrosarcoma
Malignant fibrous histocytoma
Name a benign vascular tumour
Haemangioma
Aneurysmal bone cyst
Name a malignant vascular tumour
Angiosarcoma
Name a benign adipose tumour
Lipoma
Name a malignant adipose tumour
Liposarcoma
Name a malignant bone marrow tumour
Maligant-Ewing’s sarcoma
Lymphoma
Myeloma
Describe the presenting history of a cone or soft tissue tumour
Pain
Mass
Abnormal X-Rays
Name investigations that should be carried out for bone and soft tissue tumours
Plain X-Rays CT Isotope bone scans MRI Angiography PET Biopsy Bloods- LFT, U&Es
What would be the purpose of a CT
Determine what type of tumour it is
What group are osteosarcomas more common in
Male
10-30 years
Name clinical features osteosarcoma
Pain Loss of function Swelling Pathological fracture Joint effusion- tumour is sitting next to joint Deformity Neurovascular effects Systemic effects of neoplasia
Name investigations for osteosarcoma
MRI scan
How is osteosarcoma treated
• Chemotherapy
• Surgery
o Limb salvage
• Radiotherapy
Name common sites of metastatic bone disease
o Vertebrae o Proximal femur o Pelvis o Ribs o Sternum o Skull
Name the 7 most common primary cancers which metastasise to bone
Lung Breast Prostate Kidney Thyroid GI tracts Melanoma Neuroblastoma
What are preventative measures of pathological fractures
Early chemotherapy/DXT Prophylactic internal fixation Use of bone cement Embolisation Only one long bone at a time
