lecture 5

Question 1

security of supply

Answer 1

Global energy demand rising
E.U. own energy resources diminishing
E.U. will be 70% dependant on energy imports by 2030
U.K. net importer of oil by 2010
Most crude resources in politically unstable

Question 2

Lisbon Agenda - Biofuels good for jobs

Answer 2

• Europe wide 16 farming jobs per 1000 tonnes biofuel.
• 1% market share using Biofuels euqivalent to 45,000 rural jobs ( Biofuels Research Advisory Board).
• Within U.K. 2-5 jobs per 1000 tonnes
• Associated jobs 60-80 per 100,000 tonnes
• Therefore opportunity for new european industrial sector.

Question 3

What proportion of CO2 is the transport industry responsible for, in the EU and the UK

Answer 3

Transport responsible for 21% of E.U CO2 and 25 % of U.K CO2 and rising.

2003 Biofuels directive set target of 5.75% market share for biofuels by 2010.
Off course 1.4% within E.U in 2005 and only 0.3% within U.K.

Question 4

Biofuels winning formula? (5)

Answer 4

• Reduce greenhouse gasses from the transport sector
• Improve security of supply
• Diversify market outlets for agricultural products
• Income and employment opportunities for rural areas
• Innovation good for all areas

Question 5

1st gen

Answer 5

• annual crops=food crops e.g sugarcane, corn
• limited to arable land
• potential constained
• high costs mainly feedstock
• poor modest GHG and env performance
• pushed by simple policies

Question 6

2nd gen

Answer 6

• lignocellulosic materials
• residues, wastes, arable pasture marginal and degraded lands
  -potential large
• strong economic outlook technology more important
• good excellent GHG and env performance
  -demanded by more sophisticated needs
  3rd gen
  optimised conversion @surprised feedstocks@

Question 7

Conventional fuels vs biofuels

Answer 7

As a rule, the production of conventional fuels is cheaper than of biofuels.

In favourable conditions 1st GEN biofuels can be produced to the cost of fossil fuels, e.g. biodiesel from used cooking oils

There are no definite differences between biofuels from energy crops and such from residues.

Question 8

Sugarcane process

Answer 8

sugarcane –> sugar –> ethanol

Question 9

Corn process

Answer 9

corn–> starch –> sugar—> ethanol

Question 10

Ethanol calorie density

Answer 10

1/3 as calorie dense as petrol, however butanol is better