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Bioenergy and Biorefining > lecture 2 > Flashcards

lecture 2 Flashcards

1
Q

what proportion of the world’s greenhouse gas emission is due to agriculture?

A

20%

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2
Q

What proportion of the world’s energy consumption is due to agriculture

A

30%

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3
Q

EU energy strategy (4)

A
  • moderating energy demand
  • increasing energy production in the European Union
  • further developing energy technologies
  • improving co-ordination of national energy policies and speaking with one voice in external energy policy
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4
Q

ONSHORE WIND

A
  • most cost effective way of generating power

- incentives to do it from the governments

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5
Q

OFFSHORE WIND

A

-Big investment programs for the North Sea

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6
Q

why is investment in bioethanol and biofuels dropping?

A

investment in bioethanol and biofuels are dropping off because of the governments poor legislation consistency

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7
Q

RENEWABLE COUNTRIES BEST top 6

A

BEST TO WORST

  • CHINA 378 GW
  • US (B4 TRUMP) 172 GW
  • GERMANY 84 GW
  • INDIA 71 GW
  • SPAIN 49GW
  • ITALY 49 GW

Solar is growing the quickest but wind isn’t far behind

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8
Q

ENERGY GEN for windpower offshore vs onshore

A

OFFSHORE HIGHER THAN ONSHORE

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9
Q

How much of the cost does a battery take up of an electric car?

A

1/3

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10
Q

TRANSPORT fuel stats and targets (5)

A
  • currently, 95% of fuel is supplied by petroleum.
  • it is estimated that there will be 1.3 billion cars by 2020
  • targets include addition of 10% biofuels by 2020 in UK
  • biofuels unlikely to completely replace oil
  • cellulocics is an important development for the future
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11
Q

Challenges to change for biofuels to work(5)

A
  1. Economics: how do alternatives compare with existing
    technologies / oil price? Not market forces alone
  2. Security for long term investment in alternatives
  3. Global responses to maintain equity – local changes may mean trade moving; stop local subsidy of fossil energy
  4. Guarantee of supply
  5. Effects on environment (deforestation), poor and land
    use causing resistance
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12
Q 
sector GHG emissions
Energy-
industry-
Forestry - 
agriculture -  
transport-
residential and commercial buildings: 
Waste:
A 
Energy-  25.9%
industry- 19.4% 
Forestry - 17.4% 
agriculture - 13.5%
transport-  13.1%
residential and commercial buildings: 7.9%
Waste: 2.8%
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13
Q

World population levels 2008 - 2050

A

6.7 billion 2008 to

~9 billion 2050

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14
Q

Energy gap (coal)

A
  • All coal-fired power plants that don’t meet new CO2 emission limits to be stopped by 2025.
  • Production from Coal declined by 66% in 2016.
  • in May the country’s coal plants produced no power for the first time in more than a century, and output was so low that from April to September, solar panels generated more power.
  • The price of a tonne of carbon doubling from £9 to £18 in 2015 under the carbon floor price scheme was the driving force making coal plants uneconomic.
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15
Q 
Developing Trends to 2030
(5)
1. energy demand 2030
2. CO2 rising 
3. world transport energy 
4. Transport sector 
5. where is the increase in demand greatest in the world
A
  • The energy demand rises by 65% in 2030 compared to 2004.
  • C02 emissions rising from 26.2 Gt in 2004 tp 37-40 Gt2030.
  • World transport energy is expected to increase 2% per
    year.
  • Transport sector produced 6.3 GtCO2 in 2004, and it’s projected to increase by 80% by 2030 without mitigation
  • Increasing demand greatest in developing countries
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16
Q

Road transport acoounts 75% GHG from traNSPORT

A

Aeroplanes are more polluting than cars, but cars vastly out number aeroplanes. A single long haul flight from London to Cape Town is equivalent to driving a car 40 km per day for a whole year. In addition to CO2, aeroplanes increase cirrus cloud formation which may have a large climate change impact.
WBCSD – World Business Council for Sustainable development

17
Q

Oil Price will influence the what mitigations solutions are taken up

A
  • We are clearly in a period of great price instability and uncertainty over the longer term price trend.
  • As economists we look to the underlying market fundamentals to explain the price surge. The main factors seem to have been imbalances in supply and demand – surging Asian demand in the face of relatively static global oil production and refining capacity – with demand moderating recently as Asian and western economies slow down, prices have turned down.
  • With the price of other energy sources contractually linked to oil we find that prices of liquid biofuels for example have followed the general sharp upward trend.
18
Q

batteries

A

batteries make up 1/3 of cost of electric vehicle, as battery cost falls demand for EV’s will rise

Bioenergy and Biorefining (18 decks)

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