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KNPE 331 > Lecture 5 > Flashcards

Lecture 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Key structures to consider following injury of the foot and ankle

A

-talus position
-cuboid position
-navicular position
-base of the 5th
-sesamoid bones

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2
Q

What to look for in terms of talus position

A

-is it anterior

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3
Q

What to look for in terms of cuboid position

A

-is it rotated

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4
Q

What to look for in terms of navicular position

A

-is it rotated or dropped

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5
Q

What to look for in terms of base of the 5th

A

-tender on palpation

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6
Q

What to look for in terms of sesamoid bones

A

-pain

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7
Q

Where are the sesamoid bones located

A

-within flexor hallucis brevis tendons

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8
Q

What is the origin of the plantar fascia

A

-medial process of calcaneal tuberosity

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9
Q

What is the insertion of the plantar fascia

A

-proximal aspect of digits

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10
Q

Lateral ligaments of the ankle

A

-anterior talofibular lig (ATFL)
-calcaneofibular lig (CFL)
-posterior talofibular lig (PTFL)
-anterior inferior tibiofibular lig (AITFL)
-posterior inferior tibiofibular lig (PITFL)

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11
Q

What are the 2 most common ligaments sprained in the ankle

A

-ATFL
-CFL

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12
Q

Ligaments of the medial ankle

A

-deltoid ligament
-spring ligament

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13
Q

What 4 ligaments make up the deltoid ligament

A

-tibionavicular
-tibiocalcaneal
-tibiospring
-tibiotalar

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14
Q

What is the spring ligament also known as

A

-plantar calcaneonavicular lig

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15
Q

What are the different types of tibiotalar ligaments

A

-anterior tibiotalar
-posterior superficial tibiotalar
-posterior deep tibiotalar

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16
Q

What makes up tom dick and harry

A

-tibialis posterior
-flexor digitorum longus
-flexor hallucis longus

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17
Q

When to check

A

-when looking at medial aspect of foot ankle

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18
Q

What are the movements of tibialis posterior

A

-plantar flexion and inversion

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19
Q

Deep plantar flexors

A

-tom dick and harry

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20
Q

What are the movements of the flexor digitorum longus

A

-plantar flexion and toe flexion

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21
Q

What are the movements of the flexor hallucis longus

A

-plantar flexion and big toe flexion

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22
Q

What are the movements of the tibialis anterior

A

-dorsi flexion and inversion

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23
Q

What is the movement of achilles tendon

A

-plantar flexion

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24
Q

What are the peroneal tendons

A

-peroneus longus
-peroneus brevis

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25
Q

What is the movement of peroneus longus

A

-eversion

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26
Q

What is the movement of peroneus brevis

A

-plantar flexion and eversion

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27
Q

Functional anatomy of the tibialis anterior

A

-eccentrically lowers the longitudinal arch

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27
Q

Functional anatomy of tibialis posterior

A

-stabilizer of longitudinal arch
-absorbs weight of step

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28
Q

Functional anatomy of anterior talus

A

-what happens up the chain

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29
Q

What is an eccentric contraction

A

-lengthening of the muscle as it contracts

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30
Q

Ranges of motion of the toes

A

-flexion
-extension
-abduction
-adduction

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31
Q

Joints of the ankle

A

-tibiotalar joint
-subtalar joint

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32
Q

Ranges of motion of the tibiotalar joint

A

-dorsiflexion
-plantarflexion

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33
Q

Ranges of motion of the subtalar joint

A

-inversion
-eversion

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34
Q

What is supination

A

-combination of plantarflexion, inversion, and adduction
-causes the sole of foot to face medially

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35
Q

What is pronation

A

-combination of dorsiflexion, eversion, and abduction
-causes the sole of foot to face laterally

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36
Q

What is important when looking at someones arches and looking at pronation and supination

A

-have them walk
-not just stand

37
Q

Turf toe MOI

A

-hyperextension of big toe

38
Q

Signs and symptoms of turf toe

A

-swelling
-brusing
-pain
-loss of toe dorsiflexion ROM
-weak hallux flexion

39
Q

What can turf toe lead to

A

-can result in instability of 1st metatarsal-phalangeal joint

40
Q

Treatment of turf toe

A

-limit hyperextension
-decrease inflammation (ice, massage)

41
Q

Runners toe MOI

A

-repeat trauma to end of toe
-(hematoma under nail)

42
Q

Signs and symptoms of runners toe

A

-pain and pressure under nail
-discolouration of nail

43
Q

What toe is runners toe most common in

A

-big toe

44
Q

What usually happens in runners toe

A

-nail usually falls off

45
Q

How can runners toe be relieved

A

-drill hole in nail to drain it

46
Q

How is runners toe caused

A

-foot sliding in shoe
-tight or loose toe box
-toes rubbing against end of shoe or each other
-running downhill

47
Q

Prevention of runners toe

A

-proper shoe fitting
-varied course/terrain

48
Q

What do sesamoid bones act as

A

-pulleys

49
Q

Sesamoiditis MOI

A

-repeat trauma to ball of the foot

50
Q

What does sesamoiditis result in

A

-inflammation of sesamoid bones, FHB tendons and digits

51
Q

Signs and symptoms of sesamoiditis

A

-pain over sesamoids
-swelling
-limited big toe extension
-weak/painful flexion

52
Q

Treatment for sesamoiditis

A

-rest
-treat inflammation
-padded insoles

53
Q

Role of the planta fascia

A

-shock absorber
-support long arch

54
Q

How can plantar fasciitis start

A

-as inflammation and degeneration of the plantar fascia

55
Q

Plantar fasciitis MOI

A

-poor biomechanics
-overuse/stress

56
Q

Signs and symptoms of fasciitis

A

-tender on palpation medial calcaneus or along longitudinal arch
-pain with first steps in morning
-ankle/toe dorsiflexion pain

57
Q

What often happens up the chain with plantar fasciitis

A

-tight achilles

58
Q

Treatment for plantar fasciitis

A

-find the cause
-retrain biomechanics
-shockwave
-soft tissue mobility of tight structures
-night splints/orthotics

59
Q

What is the anatomical term for bunions

A

-hallux vagus

60
Q

Signs and symptoms of bunions

A

-big toe aligns towards 2nd toe
-tender bump medial metatarsal-phalangeal joint

61
Q

What can bunions be a result from

A

-genetics
-poor foot mechanics
-tight/narrow footwear

62
Q

How can bunions be used as a red flag

A

-they may have excessive pronation causing other issues
-alter how they’e walking

63
Q

How to progress foot mechanics

A

-foot balance, eyes open
-single leg hip hinge

64
Q

How to properly stand on one foot

A

-abduct toes (maximize feedback from ground)
-stack hip over knee over ankle (athletic position)
-tighten through core chest up

65
Q

Tendonitis and shin splints MOI

A

-poor mechanics
-overuse

66
Q

Common structures affected in tendonitis and shin splints

A

-peroneal tendons
-tibialis anterior
-tom dick and harry
-achilles

67
Q

Signs and symptoms of tendonitis and shin splints

A

-tenderness on palpation over inflamed tissues
-pain with running
-pain with resisted muscle testing or stretch of affected structure

68
Q

What does tendonitis and shin splints open up potential for

A

-stress fractures

69
Q

Treatment of tendonitis and shin splints

A

-correct foot/lower extremity mechanics
-taping
-proper footwear
-insoles/orthotics

70
Q

Lateral ankle sprains MOI

A

-ankle inversion
-can be in neutral, plantar flexion, or dorsi flexion

71
Q

Possible structures affected in lateral ankle sprains

A

-ATFL
-CFL
-PTFL
-AITFL
-PITFL
-peroneals

72
Q

Signs and symptoms of lateral ankle sprains

A

-pop
-giving out
-swelling
-bruising
-limping

73
Q

Treatment for lateral ankle sprains

A

-sideline management
-inflammation
-healing
-return to play

74
Q

Return to play test for ankle injury

A

-make them do a big loopy figure 8
-have them do it tighter and tighter to show more ROM more strength

75
Q

Medial ankle sprains MOI

A

-ankle eversion

76
Q

Possible structures affected in medial ankle sprain

A

-deltoid lig
-spring lig
-TDH
-navicular position
-fibula fracture

77
Q

Signs and symptoms of medial ankle sprains

A

-pop
-giving out
-swelling
-bruising
-limping

78
Q

Fractures of the ankle and foot

A

-jones fracture
-metatarsal fracture
-talus
-calcaneus
-fibula
-tib-fib

79
Q

What should be considered for injury management of fractures

A

-urgent?
-distal ciculation?
-monitor for shock
-splint and send for x-rays

80
Q

Surgical management of unstable fractures

A

-reduction
-fixation

81
Q

Surgical management of stable fractures

A

-immobilization

82
Q

What is a jones fracture

A

-peroneus brevis avulsion of base of 5th metatarsal

83
Q

Jones fracture MOI

A

-inversion sprain

84
Q

Signs and symptoms of jones fracture

A

-tender on palpation base of 5th metatarsal
-pain in weightbearing

85
Q

What to be sure to rule out in jones fracture

A

-ankle sprain

86
Q

Talus fracture MOI

A

–severe ankle sprains
-land from height
-forced dorsiflexion

87
Q

Signs and symptoms of talus fracture

A

-vary with severity
-pain with weight bearing
-loss of ROM

88
Q

Calcaneus fracture MOI

A

-fall/jump from height

89
Q

Signs and symptoms of calcaneus fracture

A

-extreme pain
-unable to weight bear

90
Q

Fibula fracture MOI

A

-direct blow
-ankle sprain mechanism

91
Q

Signs and symptoms of fibula fracture

A

-vary with severity

KNPE 331 (5 decks)

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