Lecture 13 Flashcards
What are growth plates
-area of new bone growth in kids and teens
Where are growth plates usually located
-end of long bones
What are growth plates made up of
-cartilaginous tissue
When do growth plates close for females
-14-15 years old
When do growth plates close for males
-16-17 years old
Pediatric medical conditions
-juvenile diabetes
-juvenile arthritis
-asthma
-epilepsy
-allergies
-water safety/CPR for drowning
-choking
Working in youth sport important considerations
-pediatric sized emergency supplies
-pediatric tools
What are examples of pediatric sized emergency supplies
-oropharyngeal airway
-neck collar
-splints
-epipen jr
What is an example of a pediatric tool
-child SCAT6
Injury prevention in youth sports
-proper warm up
-properly fitted protective equipment
-diversifying their activities
-playing time limits
-max games per day for tournaments
-minimum hrs between games
-rotating positions
-proper nutrition and hydration
-avoid overtraining
-baseline concussion testing
-psychological wellness
-pre-season screenings
-pitch count limits
-mandated rest days
What to include in pre-season screenings
-identify current pain/injuries
-review medical conditions
-assess functional movement patterns
-concussion baseline testing
-discuss important topics including concussions, nutrition, hydration, overtraining
What is included in psychological wellness for children in sports
-support following injury
-healthy competition
-healthy eating habits
-inclusivity
-motivational tasks
-encouraging cheers
-promoting teamwork
What causes growth plate injuries/fractures
-excessive repeat stress on the growth plate of the bone
-causes widening of the growth plate
What can happen if growth plate injuries are not addressed
-deformities
-bone stops growing prematurely
What may be required in growth plate injuries/fractures
-may require 2-3 months of rest from aggravating sport skill
What is the anatomical name for little league shoulder
-proximal humeral epiphysitis
What is little league shoulder
-irritation of the growth plate in the proximal humerus
MOI little league shoulder
-overuse in overhand motions causing excessive strain on growth plate
Signs and symptoms of little league shoulder
-progressive increase in pain in proximal humerus or shoulder
What may little league shoulder lead to
-stress fractures through growth plate
What sports are little league shoulder most common in
-baseball
-tennis
-volleyball
Prevention of little league shoulder
-limit pitch counts
-proper throwing mechanics
What is patellar tendonitis also known as
-jumpers knee
MOI patellar tendonitis
-excessive traction on patellar tendon
What is patellar tendonitis associated with
-growth spurts
Signs and symptoms of patellar tendonitis
-pain
-swelling and heat over patellar tendon
-pain with jumping, running, quick change in direction or strong quad contraction
-pain with flexion and extension
-can often train/complete through the pain
Special tests for patellar tendonitis
-thomas test
-resisted quads
Acute management for patellar tendonitis
-PIER
-roll/soft tissue mobility for quads
-lower extremity mechanics
-train hamstrings to prevent ant translation of tibia on femur and stability of hip and knee
Tendinopathy rehab for patellar tendonitis
-eccentrics
-x-training
RTP for patellar tendonitis
-patellar tendonitis tape job
What is osgoode schlatters disease
-irritation of the growth plate at the tibial tuberosity
MOI osgoode schlatters disease
-overuse
-excessive traction of quads via patellar tendon
Signs and symptoms of osgoode schlatters disease
-pain over tibial tuberosity
-eventually a visible bump over tibial tuberosity
-pain with contraction and stretch of quads
-jumping especially painful
Special tests for osgoode schlatters disease
-thomas test
-resisted quads
Acute management of osgoode schlatters disease
-PIER
-roll/soft tissue mobility for quads
-lower extremity mechanics
Prevention of osgoode schlatters disease
-diversify activity
What is severs disease
-irritation of the calcaneal tuberosity growth plate
MOI severs disease
-overuse
-excessive traction of the achilles
Signs and symptoms of severs disease
-pain over achilles insertion into calcaneus
-pain with forceful achilles contraction
Special tests for severs disease
-single leg calf raise
Acute care for severs disease
-stretch gastrocs and soleus
-NSAIDS
-heel lift
MOI little league elbow
-chronic valgus overload to medial elbow from throwing
What does little league elbow result in injuries to
-medial epicondylitis
-medial epicondylar apophysitis
-avulsion fracture
-MCL sprain
Signs and symptoms of little league elbow
-pain and inflammation over medial elbow
-pain and weakness with throwing
-medial instability
Special test for little league elbow
-wrist flexor muscle testing
-valgus stress
-x rays
Acute care for little league elbow
-PIER
Prevention of little league elbow
-limited pitch counts
-proper throwing mechanics
Other growth plate irritation sites
-distal radius
-anterior inferior iliac spine
How may the distal radius growth plate become irritated
-gymnastics
-from repeat load
How may the anterior inferior iliac spine growth plate become irritated
-tumbling sports
-rectus femoris contracts strongly while on stretch
What to do for growth plate fractures
-rest, cast, or splint
-surgical repair
Principles of splinting
-include the joint above and below the injury
-pad the splint for comfort and added support
-check distal pulse before and after splinting
What are types of heat illness
-heat cramps
-heat exhaustion
-heat stroke
Heat cramps
-muscle cramping during/after activity in the heat
-thought to be caused by fluid and salt loss from sweating
What sport is heat cramps common in
-distance runners
Signs and symptoms of heat cramps
-pain
-spasm
Acute care of heat cramps
-rest in a cool area
-water/sports drink
-gentle stretching or massage
Prevention of heat cramps
-sufficient hydration and electrolytes
-avoid/minimize activity in high temperatures
What should heat cramps be used as
-seen as a warning to avoid more severe heat illness
What is heat exhaustion
-results from activity in hot temperatures
-body’s ability to regulate temp becomes stressed
Signs and symptoms of heat exhaustion
-normal or slighly elevated body temp
-cool, moist, pale skin
-headache
-nausea
-vomiting and dizziness
-weakness and exhaustion
-level of conciousness starts to decline
Acute care of heat exhaustion
-rest in a cool place
-cold cloths in armpits, back of neck
-cool water
What can happen if heat exhaustion is left untreated
-can progress to heat stroke
What is heat stroke
-results from untreated heat exhaustion
-body becomes unable to cool itself
Signs and symptoms of heat stroke
-dry, red, hot skin
-progressive loss of conciousness
-rapid and weak pulse
-rapid and shallow breathing
-high body temp
What is heat stroke considered to be
-life threatening emergency
Acute care of heat stroke
-cool the body
-give fluids
-minimize shock
-call EMS
What are cold-related emergencies
-frostbite
-hypothermia
What is frostbite
-when body tissues freeze following prolonged exposure to cold
-water within and surrounding cells freeze and swell which damages the cells
What can frostbite result in
-loss of digits or limbs
What is superficial frostbite
-skin only
What is deep frostbite
-skin and underlying tissues freeze
Signs and symptoms of frostbite
-decreased sensation
-skin is cold and waxy
-discolouration
-tingling
-swelling
-pain with rewarming
-blisters within 24 hours
What can happen to an area after it gets frostbite
-subsequent exposure can result in frostbite more easily in that area
Acute care of frostbite
-gentle rewarming by soaking in warm water
-apply dry sterile dressing
-gauze between fingers/toes
-warm drink
-blanket
What should you not do when someone has frostbite
-do not rub the area
-can further damage the tissues
What sports is frostbite common in
-snowboarding
-skiing
-hockey
-skating
-fall sports that go late into the season
When should you refer to doctor in frostbite cases
-any signs of infection
-red streaks
-blisters
-drainage
-no return of sensation or normal skin tone
Prevention of frostbite
-dress in layers
-removing wet clothing/gear
-avoid extended time during extreme cold weather
What is hypothermia
-dangerous drop in body temp below 35 degrees celcius following extended exposure to cold
Signs and symptoms of hypothermia
-shivering
-slow irregular pulse
-slow breathing rate
-numbness
-confusion
-drowsiness
-pale cold skin
-coma and cardiac arrest
What can hypothermia lead to
-shock
-coma
-cardiac arrest
Acute care of hypothermia
-ABC’s
-gradual rewarming with dry clothes, blankets, warm environment, heating pads
-warm drinks if alert
