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KNPE 331 > Lecture 2 > Flashcards

Lecture 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is MOI

A

-mechanism of injury
-how did the injury happen

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2
Q

Sources of MOI

A

-trauma
-overuse

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3
Q

Types of onset of an injury

A

-acute/traumatic
-insidious

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4
Q

What is an insidious injury

A

-gradual and often of unknown origin

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5
Q

What is a sign

A

-something you see

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6
Q

What is a symptom

A

-something the athlete feels/describes

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7
Q

What are examples of signs

A

-bruising
-swelling
-heat/cold
-spasm/guarding
-sweating
-shivering
-vomiting

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8
Q

What are examples of symptoms

A

-pain
-tingling
-numbness
-burning
-tight
-pressure
-nausea

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9
Q

How do we often measure pain

A

-on a subjective scale

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10
Q

What comes with pain

A

-shock
-fear/catastrophizing

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11
Q

What psychological symptoms may come with injuries

A

-anger
-fear
-denial
-sadness
-catastrophizing
-regret

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12
Q

How can we help manage injuries from a psychological standpoint

A

-listen
-reassure with a plan
-know when to refer
-educate on injury
-coach/friend/player support
-mindful and sequential return to play

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13
Q

Types of skin wounds

A

-lacerations
-abrasions
-punctures
-contusions
-blisters

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14
Q

Management of lacerations

A

-control bleeding
-clean the wound
-steri strips

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15
Q

Step 1 control bleeding components

A

-personal protective equipment
-pressure
-elevation

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16
Q

Step 2 clean the wound components

A

-soap and water
-cinder suds

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17
Q

Step 3 steri strips considerations

A

-dry area around laceration
-adhesive spray via Q tip
-rub Q tip on either side of laceration

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18
Q

When do we send for stitches

A

-stitches can only be done effectively within 24 hours of injury
-deep wounds affecting more than just the skin
-unable to stop bleeding
-on the face
-across a joint

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19
Q

What is a minor cut/abrasion

A

-superficial layers of skin

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20
Q

How to prep player to return to play with minor cut or abrasion

A

-non-stick gauze and cover roll

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21
Q

What is a puncture

A

-common in feet and hands
-can penetrate multiple levels

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22
Q

What to do if object is still in puncture wound

A

-leave it in
-pad around it with gauze rolls
-send for medical attention

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23
Q

What to keep in mind with deep contusions

A

-do not massage

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24
Q

What is a contusion

A

-bleeding under the skin from blunt trauma

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25
Q

How can you protect a contusion

A

-use a donut pad

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26
Q

Clinical control of a contusion

A

-ultrasound
-interferential current (IFC)

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27
Q

What is a blister

A

-fluid filled bubble caused by friction

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28
Q

Prevention of blisters

A

-skin lube over areas of friction

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29
Q

Treatment of blisters

A

-clean
-second skin
-hypafix

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30
Q

When do we seek medical attention

A

-unable to control the bleeding
-wound is dirty and unable to be cleaned
-deep wound or puncture
-object is still impaled
-changes in sensation
-wound is from a human/animal bite
-wound is from a rusty object

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31
Q

Cartilage and meniscus healing

A

-limited capacity to heal
-little or no direct blood supply

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32
Q

Ligament healing

A

-during repair phase, collagen or connective tissue fibres lay down randomly
-gradually a scar is formed
-over following months, collagen fibres align in response to joint stress/strain

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33
Q

Skeletal muscle healing

A

-regeneration of new myofibers is minimal
-healing and repair follows the same process of random collagen alignment and develops tensile strength in response to stress/strain

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34
Q

Nerves healing

A

-slowest to regenerate
-3-4 mm/day
-peripheral nerves regenerate better than central nervous system

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35
Q

4 molecular steps of wound healing

A

-hemostasis
-inflammation
-repair and regeneration
-remodeling

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36
Q

Hemostasis

A

-process leading to cessation of bleeding

37
Q

Inflammation

A

-essential vascular and cellular response for proper tissue healing

38
Q

Repair and regeneration

A

-formation of granulation tissues

39
Q

Remodeling

A

-strengthening of tissues along lines of tension

40
Q

Stages of wound healing

A

-inflammation
-proliferation
-remodeling

41
Q

How long does inflammation typically last

A

-4-6 days

42
Q

How long does proliferation typically last

A

-4-24 days

43
Q

How long does remodeling typically last

A

-21 days-2 years

44
Q

Acute musculoskeletal injury healing steps

A

-inflammatory
-repair and regeneration
-remodeling

45
Q

What happens in the inflammatory state

A

-vasodilation of blood vessels
-white blood cells fight infection, break down and clean up damaged tissue to start healing process

46
Q

Signs and symptoms of inflammation

A

-redness
-swelling
-heat
-pain
-loss of function

47
Q

What happens during repair and regeneration (proliferation)

A

-collagen laid down in disorganized matrix
-revascularization brings oxygen and nutrients
-edges of wound draw closer

48
Q

What happens during remodeling

A

-collagen reorganizes along lines of stress
-tissues increase in tensile stress

49
Q

Bone healing stages

A

-hematoma formation
-cellular proliferation
-callus formation
-ossification
-remodeling

50
Q

How long on average does a bone take to heal

A

-6-8 weeks

51
Q

Aims of treatment stages

A

-inflammatory phase
-demolition phase
-healing phase
-long term goals

52
Q

Inflammatory phase goals

A

-decrease inflammation
-decrease pain
-decrease swelling
-decrease activity
-protect
-educate

53
Q

Inflammatory phase days

A

-1-5

54
Q

Demolition phase goals

A

-decrease residual swelling
-decrease residual pain
-increase ROM
-increase flexibility
-increase strength
-increase proprioception
-prevent secondary complications
-increase cardiovascular fitness
-educate

55
Q

Demolition phase days

A

-3-15

56
Q

Healing phase goals

A

-increase circulation
-decrease pain or muscle spasm
-increase ROM
-increase flexibility
-increase strength
-increase CV
-increase proprioception

57
Q

Healing phase days

A

-10 days - 8 weeks

58
Q

Long term goals

A

-maintain/restore skin and connective tissue
-ensure full RM, strength, flexibility, and psychological readiness
-optimal biomechanics
-correct training habits
-increase proprioception
-protect injury site
-educate

59
Q

Guidelines for return to play (RTP)

A

-full ROM, 80% strength
-able to perform the demands of sport
-psychological readiness

60
Q

When do we use heat

A

-healing phase and beyond
-for relaxation
-promote flexibility

61
Q

Tissue response to heat

A

-increase circulation
-increase inflammation
-increase metabolism
-increase edema and swelling
-decrease pain
-decrease spasm

62
Q

Types of heat

A

-moist heat application (hydrocollator packs, hot wet towel)
-electric heating pads
-hot shower/bath
-microwaveable bean bag
-infared sauna
-ultrasound

63
Q

Traditional sauna

A

-heats air around you
-heats to 60-80 degrees

64
Q

Infrared sauna

A

-heats skin/body
-heats to around 37 degrees

65
Q

Benefits of infrared sauna for conditions

A

-high blood pressure
-heart failure
-demetia/alzheimers
-headaches
-type 2 diabetes
-arthritis and chronic pain
-relaxation
-improved circulation
-sweating therefore detox

66
Q

Contraindications to heat

A

-inflamed tissues
-bleeding disorders
-blood clots
-impaired sensation
-metal implants
-infection
-open wounds
-pregnancy or trying to conceive
-multiple sclerosis
-illness

67
Q

Tissue response to cold

A

-decrease inflammatory response
-decrease edema/swelling
-decrease pain
-decrease circulation
-decrease hematoma formation
-decrease muscle spasm
-decrease tissue metabolism
-decrease enzymatic activity
-decrease extensibility

68
Q

Types of cryotherapy

A

-crushed ice or ice cubes
-gel packs or frozen peas
-frozen beanbag
-ice cup massage
-cold immersion tub
hyperbaric gaseous cryotherapy
-cryochamber

69
Q

Hyperbaric gaseous cryotherapy

A

-sprays microcrystals of liquid CO2 at -78 degrees celcius

70
Q

Cryochamber types

A

-electric
-liquid nitrogen

71
Q

Electric cryochamber

A

-temps as low as -160 degrees for 3 min
-timing: as long as it takes to get skin to desired temp

72
Q

Liquid nitrogen cryotherapy

A

-temps as low as -130 degrees
-timing: 2-4 min

73
Q

Electric cryochamber contraindications

A

-pregnancy
-high BP
-blood clots
-heart conditions
-infection

74
Q

Contraindications to cold

A

-reynauds phenomenon
-urticaria
-clotting disorders
-over superficial nerves
-altered skin sensation
-complex regional pain syndrome

75
Q

When to use massage

A

-tight muscles
-injured muscles

76
Q

How can massage help tight muscles

A

-increase extensibility
-decrease pain

77
Q

How can massage help injured muscles in inflammatory phase

A

-decrease pain
-decrease swelling

78
Q

What type of massage to use in inflammatory phase

A

-effleurage/lymph drainage only

79
Q

How can massage help injured muscles in healing phase

A

-increase circulation to promote healing

80
Q

What type of massage should be used in healing phase

A

-deeper forms

81
Q

Massage protocols

A

-educate on why you use it
-clear contraindications
-always obtain consent
-expose the area to be treated
-be professional

82
Q

Contraindications to massage therapy

A

-acute inflammation
-contusions
-acute spasm around another injury
-over open wounds or skin reactions
-altered sensation
-possible blood clot
-bleeding disorders
-over varicose veins
-deep vein thrombosis
-cancer
-open wounds
-bleeding disorders
-diabetes

83
Q

4 main principles of massage

A

-general-specific-general
-superificial-deep-superficial
-proximal-distal-proximal
-peripheral-central-peripheral

84
Q

How to open terminus massage technique

A

-make ā€œVā€ with hands and make gentle C motions towards ground

85
Q

What techniques to use for massage

A

-petrissage
-shaking/rocking
-vibration

86
Q

Petrissage

A

-spreading the mm belly across the fibres
-avoid stripping the mm and ends of tendons

87
Q

Shaking/rocking

A

-use fast motion for pre event
-use slow motion for post event

88
Q

Vibration

A

-engage tissue, hand over hand, vibrate
-cane be useful over particularly tight areas or knots

KNPE 331 (2 decks)

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