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KNPE 331 > Lecture 4 > Flashcards

Lecture 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What are non-urgent conditions

A

-sprains
-strains
-simple fractures
-contusions
-abrasions/minor lacerations

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2
Q

What is the acronym for on-field assessments

A

-HOPS

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3
Q

What does H stand for in HOPS

A

-history
-“what happened”

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4
Q

What does O stand for in HOPS

A

-observations
-“what do you see”

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5
Q

What does P stand for in HOPS

A

-palpation
-“what do you feel, where is the pain”

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6
Q

What does S stand for in HOPS

A

-special test

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7
Q

Acronyms for history taking

A

-SAMPLE
-PQRST

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8
Q

SAMPLE

A

-signs and symptoms
-allergies
-medications
-past medical history
-last oral intake
-events leading up to injury

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9
Q

PQRST

A

-provoke
-quality
-region/radiate
-severity
-time

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10
Q

When do use PQRST

A

-for pain

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11
Q

Questions to ask about symptoms (SAMPLE)

A

-what happened
-where does it hurt
-did you hear or feel anything
-etc

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12
Q

Question to ask about provoke (PQRST)

A

-what makes it worse

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13
Q

Question to ask about quality (PQRST)

A

-sharp
-dull
-achy
-burning

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14
Q

Question to ask aout radiate (PQRST)

A

-does it shoot anywhere

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15
Q

Question to ask about severity (PQRST)

A

-out of 10

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16
Q

Question to ask about time (PQRST)

A

-when did the pain start
-intermittent?

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17
Q

Questions to ask about allergies (SAMPLE)

A

-do you have any allergies
-do you carry epi-pen, where is it

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18
Q

Questions to ask about medications (SAMPLE)

A

-are you on any medications
-what are they
-what are they for
-were they prescribed
-could they be dampening symptoms

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19
Q

Questions to ask about past medical history (SAMPLE)

A

-do you have any medical conditions
-have you been feeling sick lately
-do you have any previous injuries
-have you hurt this area before

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20
Q

Questions to ask about last oral intake (SAMPLE)

A

-low blood sugar
-dehydrated
-what did they last have to eat and drink

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21
Q

Questions to ask about events leading up to injury (SAMPLE)

A

-what happened
-did they collide with someone
-piece together what happened
-looking for MOI to indicate possibilities of injury

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22
Q

Questions to ask about observations (HOPS)

A

-what do you see
-what is around the athlete
-what position are they in
-check injury site for bruising, swelling, deformity, bleeding etc

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23
Q

Questions to ask about palpations (HOPS)

A

-have athlete show location
-check distal circulation (use cap refill)
-is location warm vs other side
-do you feel a divot or deformity vs other side
-check above and below injury to make sure not missing anything

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24
Q

When to make an index of suspicion

A

-after completing HOP

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25
Q

What should you include in index of suspicion

A

-what structure do you suspect is injured (muscle, ligament, bone, etc.)

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26
Q

What is a special test

A

-what test can you do to confirm the suspected injury

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27
Q

Special test for muscle/tendon

A

-have the tissue contract

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28
Q

Special test for ligament

A

-test to open the joint it stabilizes

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29
Q

Special test for bone

A

-fracture testing

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30
Q

Kendall’s resisted muscle testing scale

A

-0-5

31
Q

Kendall’s resisted testing 0

A

-no visible or palpable contraction

32
Q

Kendall’s resisted testing 1

A

-visible or palpable contraction without motion

33
Q

Kendall’s resisted testing 2

A

-full range of motion, gravity eliminated

34
Q

Kendall’s resisted testing 3

A

-full range of motion against gravity

35
Q

Kendall’s resisted testing 4

A

-full range of motion against gravity, moderate resistance

35
Q

Kendall’s resisted testing 5

A

-full range of motion against gravity, maximal resistance

36
Q

What are you testing for in ligament testing

A

-testing for level of instability
-need to know what motion the ligament should limit

37
Q

What are the different fracture tests

A

-tap test
-compression test
-tuning fork

38
Q

Tap testing

A

-gentle tap at a location on the bone away from suspected fracture site
-vibration may cause pain at suspected fracture site

39
Q

When to not do a fracture test

A

-if you see a deformity

40
Q

Compression test

A

-compress the 2 ends of the bone together

41
Q

Direct technique for compression test

A

-either end of the long bone

42
Q

Indirect technique for compression test

A

-compress the bones around the small bone with suspected fracture

43
Q

When to use indirect technique for compression test

A

-for carpals or tarsals

44
Q

Tuning fork test

A

-band end off of shoe/hard surface
-place the base of the tuning fork on bone with suspected fracture, away from fracture site
-resulting vibration may cause pain at the suspected fracture site

45
Q

What is the problem with the tuning fork test

A

-high proportion of false positives

46
Q

What to do when a fracture test is inconclusive

A

-err on the side of caution and get x ray
-prevent secondary complications

47
Q

What to do during a sideline assessment

A

-rule out the joint above and below
-full physiological ROM for joint
-3 special tests to rule out/confirm
-more extensive palpation

48
Q

What is included in physiological ROM

A

-flexion
-extension
abduction
-adduction
-internal rotation
-external rotation
-dorsiflexion
-plantarflexion
-cross flexion
-cross extension
-pronation
-supination
-ulnar deviation
-radial deviation

49
Q

What are accessory movements also known as

A

-arthrokinematics

50
Q

What are the accessory movements

A

-roll
-glide
-spin

51
Q

Roll

A

-multiple points along one rotating articular surface contact multiple points on another articular surface

52
Q

Glide

A

-a single point on one articular surface contacts multiple points on another articular surface

53
Q

Spin

A

-a single point on one articular surface rotates on a single point on another articular surface

54
Q

What type of range of motion to do on a sideline assessment

A

-active range of motion
-can do overpressure at the end of range if full and pain free

55
Q

What is the difference between HOPS palpations and sideline assessment palpations

A

-HOPS: localizing injured structure
-sideline: more detailed palpations

56
Q

What is an impression

A

-conclusion about the injury
-cannot diagnose

57
Q

What to document for an impression

A

-severity
-structure
-injury
-assessment done
-treatment provided
-plan

58
Q

What to include in plan

A

-RTP (return to play) decision
-immediate care
-educate
-communicate
-transport
-referral

59
Q

Who should communicate the RTP decision to the coach

A

-the therapist
-not the athlete

60
Q

Sideline management of a sprain

A

-ice and elevation
-wrap to support, approximate tissues, provide compression
-crutches for weight bearing

61
Q

Sideline management of a strain

A

-ice and elevation
-wrap for compression
-pressure pad over strained tissues to approximate ends and provide compression
-crutches for weight bearing

62
Q

Sideline management of a contusion

A

-ice
-donut pad with cover pad to protect from 2nd insult
-wrap padding onto area with herringbone technique
-no massage

63
Q

Sideline management of non urgent fractures

A

-splint
-need to splint joints above and below
-monitor for shock
-refer for imaging
-ice based on condition and monitor

64
Q

What are the different types of splints

A

-SAM splint
-speed splint

65
Q

Sideline management of abrasions

A

-clean wound
-use non stick gauze and cover-roll (hypafix)

66
Q

Sideline management of minor lacerations

A

-clean the wound
-maybe steri strips
-non stick gauze and cover-roll (hypafix)

67
Q

Purpose of wrapping

A

-support and minimize swelling through compression

68
Q

What to ask yourself before wrapping an athlete

A

-which structures/joint am I covering
-any abrasions/blisters that need to be covered
-any sensitivities
-have athlete in comfortable position
-cap refill

69
Q

2 different wrapping techniques

A

-spiral
-herringbone

70
Q

Spiral wrapping technique

A

-overlap by half
-equal distribution of pressure

71
Q

Herringbone wrapping technique

A

-angle up and come around and angle down
-x effect

72
Q

When is herringbone wrapping technique used

A

-when more compression is needed

KNPE 331 (4 decks)

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