Lecture 3 Flashcards
Why is keeping players medical records on hand important
-medical conditions
-allergies
-previous injuries
-emergency contact info
-level of experience/#yrs playing (may not know some of safety strategies)
What are our key goals as an athletic therapist
-provide care to manage conditions
-minimize secondary conditions
-determine safe removal
Questions to ask about safe removal from playing surface
-weight bearing?
-non-weight bearing?
-assisted?
-is advance care required?
What can you do if you are unsure
-ask more questions (athlete, teammates, coaches)
-ask for help (student trainer, certified AT, doctor etc.)
General hierachy of conditions (most severe to least severe)
-ABC, major bleeds
-aquired brain injury/concussion
-spinal
-fracture/dislocation
-sprains/strains
-abrasions
Steps in emergency on field assessment
-survey the scene
-control the c-spine
-assess LOC
-assess vitals
-secondary survey
-head-to-toe
Whats included in surveying the scene
-make sure its safe to approach
-what do you see
What is included in controlling the c-spine
-block the head
What is included in assessing LOC
-AVPU
What is included in assessing vitals
-airway
-breathing
-circulation
What is included in secondary survey
-rapid body survey
-history
What is included in head-to-toe
-to identify any other injuries
Primary survey summary
-survey scene
-c-spine control
-LOC
-vitals check
How to conduct a scene survey
-any safety concerns to the immediate environment
-do you see any clues to indicate what happened
-did anyone see anything happen
-how many athletes are injured
How to block the head
-place one head on athletes forehead to minimize movement
-ask athlete to remain still (avoid nodding_
-ask an assistant to take over c-spine control using in-line stabilization
What does AVPU stand for
-alert
-verbal
-painful
-unresponsive
Alert
-eyes are open
-able to verbalize
Verbal
-responds to commands or questions
Painful
-facial grimace
-flexion, extension, or withdrawl of body part
-moan or groan
Unresponsive
-no response
What to do when first when assessing athletes LOC
-remove mouth guard or anything in mouth
Acronym to remember vitals check
-ABC’s
How to assess airway
-is it open?
-position of head (in alignment or c-spine flexion)?
-unconscious?
How to open airway when not suspecting a spinal
-head tilt-chin lift
How to open airway when suspecting a spinal
-jaw thrust
Types of airways
-oropharyngeal airway
-nasopharyngeal airway
How to measure oropharyngeal airway
-measure from ear to side of mouth on outside of face
What type of airway are athletic therapists not approved to use
-nasopharyngeal airways
How to assess breathing
-look
-listen
-feel
How to assess circulation
-do they have carotid pulse
-obvious major bleed?
Secondary survey summary
-rapid body scan
-history
-decision on next steps
What is included in a rapid body scan
-quick scan checking for major bleeds, deformities or anything indicating a life-threatening emergency
What questions to include in history taking
-what happened?
-any pain in head?
-any pain in neck?
-any pain in back?
-any tingling or numbness in arms or legs?
-can you wiggle fingers?
-can you wiggle toes?
-does anything else hurt?
Red flags for suspected spinal to call EMS
-any 2 out of 4 of following
1. central pain on palpation (of spinous processes)
2. tingling/numbness/unable to move extremities
3. mechanism of injury
4. unwillingness to move
What are indications that their should be a head injury assessment
-trauma to the head
-pain in the head
What needs to be cleared in order to conduct a head injury assessment
-clear c-spine
-clear red flags
-check active ROM (flexion/extension/side bending /rotation)
Head injury assessment symptom check
-any pain or pressure in head?
-any ringing in ears?
-feel dizzy?
-feel nauseous?
-anything blurry or seeing double?
How many symptoms are needed to consider a concussion
-one
-no return to play
Head injury assessment observable signs
-ears or nose for blood or fluid
-look/feel for deformities in head
-black eyes (racoon eyes)
-bruising between ears
-agressive/emotional behaviour
-not making sense
-altered speech
-unable to focus
-seizure
What is an acronym for ocular/motor screen
-PEARL
What does PEARL stand for
-pupils equal and responding to light
How to conduct an ocular/motor screen
-cover one eye and see what happens to the other
-have them track your finger
-test peripheral vision
-test ability to focus on fingers
What can be included in cognitive screening
-orientation
-immediate memory
-delayed recall
-concentration
Orientation questions
-what is todays date
-which team are you playing
-what venue are you playing at
-when was your last practice
Immediate memory questions
-want you to remember these 3 words and then repeat back to me
Delayed recall questions
-recheck a few minutes later what the random words were
Concentration questions
-can you count backwards by 3 starting at 100
What to do on sideline for concussion testing
-SCAT6
What to include in head-to-toe check
-head
-back
-shoulders
-chest/sternum
-ribs
-abdomen
-back
-pelvis
-legs/feet
-arms/hands
What are you looking for in head-to-toe assessment
-pain
-bleeding
-spasm
-deformities
-bruising/wounds
-distal circ in ankle/foot
-distal circ in fingers
What is considered to be a major fracture
-large bone
-unstable or displaced
-compound fracture (open)
What to do for major fracture or dislocation
-stabilize
-treat for shock
-call 911
Emergency medical conditions
-diabetic emergency
-epilepy/seizures
-asthma
-anaphylactic shock
-head/cold emergencies
-abdominal injuries
What is shock
-circulatory system fails to adequately circulate blood
-medical emergency
How to check for abdominal injuries
-split abdomen into 4 quadrants and palpate for pain or irregularities
Symptoms of shock
-pale, cool, clammy skin
-rapid breathing
-rapid and weak pulse
-changes in LOC/confused
-nausea
-decreased blood pressure
Care for shock
-blanket to maintain body temp
-rest in comfortable position that minimizes pain
-have athlete lie down in necessary (increases blood to organs/brain)
-reassure
-oxygen if available
