Lecture 1 Flashcards
Primary injury prevention
-reducing the incident of injury before they occur
Secondary injury prevention
-addressing injuries in their early stages to prevent recurrence, severity and/or secondary complications
What is included in primary prevention
-safe field/court conditions
-environmental conditions
-protective equipment
-knowledge of medical conditions
-proper warm up
-progression of training
-nutrition/hydration
-scanning for unsafe technique
-recognize injury patterns in a team
-collaboration with coaches, S&C
-preventative bracing
What is included in secondary prevention
-early identification of injuries
-bracing/taping/wrapping
-sufficient rehab of injuries
-education
-sufficient reconditioning post-injury
When should we brace instead of tape
-ongoing conditions
-larger joints requiring complex tape jobs
At what age is it not appropriate to prescribe orthotics
-under 12
What should orthotics be prescribed alongside
-supportive rehab to retrain intrinsic and extrinsic foot muscles and movement patterns
Injuries of the muscles/tendons
-strain
-tendonitis/osis
-contusion
Injuries of the ligaments
-sprain
-overstretch, dislocations, subluxations
Injuries of the bone
-fracture
-bruise
Injuries of the nerve
-burner/stinger
-contusion/crush injury
Injuries of the brain
-concussion
-acquired brain injury (ABI)
-direct or indirect trauma
Injuries of the skin
-lacerations
-abrasions
-contusions
What structure does a strain happen in
-muscle or tendon
What structure does a sprain happen in
-ligament
Classification of sprains and strains
-1st degree
-2nd degree
-3rd degree
1st degree sprain
-tissues stretch/some fibres disrupted
-integrity of joint maintained
1st degree strain
-tissues stretch/some fibres disrupted
-contractions are strong but painful
2nd degree sprain
-partial tear/many fibres disrupted
-results some instability/laxity in the joint
2nd degree strain
-partial tear/many fibres disrupted
-contractions are weak and very painful
3rd degree sprain
-complete tear
-results in significant instability/laxity in the joint
3rd degree strain
-complete tear
-unable to contract but often pain-free due to nerve fibres also being torn
Types of bone fractures
-transverse
-linear
-oblique, nondisplaced
-oblique, displaced
-spiral
-greenstick
-comminuted
What is a contusion
-crush injury to muscle and connective tissue from blunt trauma
How does muscle respond to contusion
-pain
-discoloration
-swelling
-spasm/guarding
-reflex inhibition (pain and swelling can stop voluntary muscle contraction, results in weakness/giving out)
What is tendonitis and osis considered to be
-overuse injury
What is itis
-inflammation of tendon
What is osis
-tissue breakdown
What is bursitis
-bursa lies between tendon and bone in areas of high friction
-usually lays flat but if there is trauma in that area it blows up like a balloon
Other types of overuse injuries
-shin splints
-stress fractures
Role of a student trainer
-emergency action plan
-primary and secondary prevention
-scene survey
-stabilize
-assess
-reassure
-provide necessary immediate care
-determine safe removal from playing surface
-prevent secondary complications
-refer for/arrange care
-support rehab process and liaise between therapy, coaching and S&C staff
What is an emergency action plan (EAP)
-predetermined, organized system of managing severe injury
What does EAP allow for
-predetermined roles
-promotes organization
-decreases chaos/panic
-creates trust and promotes reassurance
Who are the different people listed on an EAP
-charge person
-call person
-control person
Charge person
-person in charge of delivering medical care
Call person
-provides medical info, meets and directs ambulance
Control person
-manages team/crowds/surroundings/locates supplies
What else is included on an EAP
-important numbers
-address of sports facility and directions
-address of nearest hospital
-address of urgent care
-location of player medical records, AED and spinal board
