Lecture 5

Question 1

Chelate

Answer 1

Some ligands can form multiple bonds

Question 2

ligands

Answer 2

transitional metals form complexes with molecules or ions

Question 3

Biuret Reagent

Answer 3

Measures total protein by reacting with peptide bonds
most common automated method

Question 4

Refractive index

Answer 4

how much a liquid bends light
Dissolved substances change refractive index

Question 5

Hemoglobin (Hb)

Answer 5

Globular (soluble) protein
Found in red blood cells

Question 6

What does Hb contain?

Answer 6

Contains heme prosthetic groups
Each hemoglobin four heme sites to bind O2
Also participates in CO2 transport

Question 7

What happens when O2 binds to Hb?

Answer 7

Fe2+ -> Fe3+ when O2 binds

Question 8

Prosthetic groups

Answer 8

something extra that is added to a protein that is necessary for its functionality
Heme is an example

Question 9

Methemoglobin

Answer 9

Oxidized form of hemoglobin
Fe2+ -> Fe3+ has occurred without binding O2

Question 10

Methemoglobinemia

Answer 10

High levels of methemoglobin
Blood turns bluish-brown
Treated with methylene blue therapy

Question 11

Cyanmethemoglobin

Answer 11

Methemoglobin can react with CN- to form a very stable compound Cyanmethemoglobin
used to analyze the hemoglobin content of blood

Question 12

Carboxyhemoglobin

Answer 12

Hemoglobin has much higher affinity for carbon monoxide (CO) than it has for O2
HbO2 + CO -> Hb-CO + O2

Question 13

Le Chatelier’s Principle

Answer 13

high [O2] shifts reaction towards HbO2
low [O2] shifts reaction towards Hb + O2

Question 14

Bohr Effect

Answer 14

O2 affinity decreases with increasing CO2
high CO2 triggers the release of bound O2
It is as if hemoglobin “feels” that it should release the O2 when it reaches the cells that need it the most

Question 15

Haldane effect

Answer 15

O2 removal enhances hemoglobin’s affinity for CO2

Question 16

RBC lifespan

Answer 16

120 days

Question 17

What does heme become as hemoglobin degrades?

Answer 17

Bilirubin

Question 18

What do the proteins in hemoglobin become when it degrades?

Answer 18

Amino Acids

Question 19

Forms of Hemoglobin

Answer 19

A1 (A), A2, F (Fetal)

Question 20

Which form of hemoglobin is most common?

Answer 20

A1

Question 21

What happens to F hemoglobin in adults?

Answer 21

phased out with growth
Fetus -> babies -> adults (less 1 %)

Question 22

Hemoglobinopathies

Answer 22

mutant forms of hemoglobin produced

Question 23

Anemia

Answer 23

low Hb levels caused by bleeding, RBC destruction, or insufficient production as in thalassemia

Question 24

Thalassemias

Answer 24

group of genetic diseases with insufficient production of particular (, , ) globin chains

Question 25

Myoglobin

Answer 25

Found in muscles - stores O2 Only has 1 heme (binds 1 O2)

Question 26

Bence-Jones protein

Answer 26

protein is found in the urine of many multiple myeloma patients Should not be in urine