Lecture 4: The Appalachian Environment & One Health (Exam 1)

Question 1

Describe Appalachian kentucky’s health

Answer 1

• Poor
• 236 Deaths per 100,000
• Nearly double in heart disease (319)
• Kentucky as a whole is 47% of cardiac disease (271)

Question 2

What are the top for leading “causes of death”

Answer 2

• Heart disease - 26%
• Cancer - 23%
• Cerebrovascular - 6%
• Chronic lower resp - 6%

Question 3

What are the contributing causes of death

Answer 3

• Tobacco - 18%
• Poor diet/inactivity - 15%
• Alcohol - 4%
• Microbial agents - 3%

Question 4

T/F: Lifestyle & culture has a major impact on a persons own health

Answer 4

True

Question 5

What are some specific health behaviors that are major contributors to Appalachia’s health

Answer 5

• Smoking
• Sedentary lifestyle
• Diet

NOT UNIQUE TO APPALACHIANS

Question 6

T/F: The region as a whole does contain a shortage of medical professional & suffers from an uneven distribution of health care

Answer 6

False; The region as a whole doesn’t contain a shortages but does suffer from an uneven distribution of health care

Question 7

The appalachian region is one of the (least/most) obese regions as well as having (higher/lower) rates of food insecurity

Answer 7

Most; higher

Question 8

How is the appalachians mental health

Answer 8

Higher rates of psychological distress, depression, & suicide relative to the rest of the nation

Question 9

Describe the farm analysis of Appalachian farms

Answer 9

• 4% of the US farmland is located in the appalachian counties
• 12% of the US farms are located in appalachian counties
• Small farms dominate Appalachia w/ over 95% w/ 100 acres or less
• 60% w/ less than 50 acres compared to the US avg of 343 acres

Question 10

What is the % of cattle farms in appalachia? In the US?

Answer 10

• Appalachia - 65%
• US herd - 39%

Question 11

What two species make up 91% of the appalachian LA

Answer 11

• Cattle
• Pigs

Question 12

Describe the distribution of aging vets in TN

Answer 12

• 18% of vets are over 60
  *48% are located w/in ARC counties (19% of them are over 60 YO)

Question 13

T/F: Alot of the Dx in animals found in the shelby county have a direct envi component

Answer 13

True

Question 14

Describe Copper deficiency in cattle

Answer 14

• Marginal to severe in cattle widespread across the US esp in the appalachian mountain & coastal regions
• Change in hair color (red/grey tint) & coat becomes dull

Question 15

Describe selenium deficiency

Answer 15

• Essential but highly toxic
• White muscle disease

Question 16

Describe lead poisoning in cattle

Answer 16

• Acute is more common in young animals
• Prominent clinical sx - GI & NS
• Signs appear w/in 24 - 48 H of exposure
• Ataxia, blindness, salivation, spastic twitching of eyelids, jaw champing, bruxism, muscle tremors, & convulsions
• Many cases associated w/ farming activities when used oil & battery disposal from machinery is handled improperly

Question 17

What % of dogs are infected w/ one or more intestinal nematodes

Answer 17

33%

Question 18

What % o the US is seropositive for toxocara

Answer 18

14%

Question 19

Describe rabies in the US

Answer 19

• Domestic species accounted for 8% of all rabid animals reported in the US in 2013
• a 10% decrease compared w/ 2012 reports
• 53% cats
• 19% dogs
• 18% cattle
• Cats have represented the majority of rabid domestic animals since 1992 in Pennsylvania having the largest # of rabid cats (40) followed by Virginia (37)