Lecture 10: Wildlife Conservation & One Health (Exam 3) Flashcards
What do ecosystems do?
Function through a complex web of interactions btw/ organisms & the environment where energy flows through food chains & nutrients
What is an example of the role wildlife play?
Slide 4
What pain killer that was given to cattle that eventually started killing the vulture population in India
Diclofenac
What was the relationship btw/ human death rates & low vulture population
- +4% increase in the human death rate in indian districts that once thrived w/ vultures to those w/ historically low vulture populations
- Increase in rabies vax & wild dog/rat populations
How do vets help wildlife & ensure envi health
- Conservation - work in the field reasearch & conservation programs, conducting health assessments of wild populations
Slide 7
What does a wildlife vet do
- To provide technical expertise to the agency to conserve & manage fish & wildlife populations & help recover endangered species
- Can be the most impt link btw/ public perceptions of wildlife & economic health interest of people & their animals
What is conservation
Responsible management & sustainable use of natural resources to ensure their long term ava while maintaining envi health & ecosystem balance through habitat restoration, wildlife population management, & sustainable hunting/fishing practices
When did wildlife conservation emerge as a social & political movement in the US & canada? Who led the movement
- 19th century
- “Sport hunters” who were upset by wildlife losses by “market hunters”
What are the 7 pilars of the “north american model”
- Wildlife is public property
- Wildlife cannot be slaughtered for commercial use
- Wildlife is allocated by law
- Wildlife shall be taken by legal & ethical means
- Wildlife is an international resource
- Wildlife management, use, & conservation shall be based on sound scientific knowledge & principles
- Hunting, fishing, & trapping shall be democratic
Define preservation
Protecting nature from human use & inference aiming to keep the ecosystems in tact in their natural state through habitat protection, minimal human activity, & sustainable hunting/fishing practices (ex. yellowstone & refuges)
Define exploitation
Unsustainable use or overuse of natural resources through overhunting/fishing, deforestation, illegal wildlife trade, & global trade & invasive species movement that often leads to habitat destruction, population declines, & ecosystem imbalances
Describe the endangered species act 1973
- Enacted in response to declining populations of animals & plants
- To protect & recover species @ risk of extinction & to promote the conservation of ecosystems & habitats necessary for the survival of those species
- In theory each species is a part of the web of life w/ a unique role, cultural & biological, in their communities performing services that are essential to combined well being
- By conserving them guided by ava science we help protect health air, land, & water for everyone
What are examples of negative consequences of negative interactions btw/ people & wildlife
- Damage to property by habituated wildlife in human-dominated landscapes
- Threats to pets & livestock
- Emerging infectious disease & wildlife associated zoonoses
What % of EIDs are zoonotic? Where do most originate
- ~75%
- Most originate from wildlife
As human population grows what happens to natural habitats
- They shrink
- As wildlife populations continue to recover the freq of human wildlife interactions will continue to increase
Describe reservoir hosts
- Emerging dx of humans & domestic animals are assumed to be maintained in reservoir hosts are rarely ID
- One or more epidemiologically connected populations or envi in which a pathogen can be maintained & from which infection is transmitted to a target pop
- “managed” through large-scale actions directed toward suspected reservoirs of infection (b/c of perceived notions & where infectious agents reside may not be measured directly)
What are the characteristics of reservoirs
- Infections in reservoir hosts are nonpathogenic
- Any natural host
- Reservoir must be a diff species
- Are economically unimportant hosts
- Can be primary or secondary hosts
Look through slide 24 & 25
Explain how working w/ threatened & endangered species impacts the overall health of the world’s ecosystems
Ecosystem good, service, & tourism
Discuss how wildlife conservation goals can conflict w/ public perception
- Perceived risks of EID can swamp out conservation of wildlife habitat
- Human & animal health & economics
