Lecture 4 Motivation and volition in sport Flashcards
Definition motivation
- Motivation deals with explaining the direction, persistence and intensity of goal-directed behavior.
- Desired goal states and what makes them attractive are the explanatory variables and are what characterize
motivation.
Motivation vs. Motive
- Motivation (State)
- Motive (Trait)
What are different motives (MC Clelland, 1983)
- achievement
- affiliation
- power
2 Components: Hope for and Fear of
What is “THE ACHIEVEMENT MOTIVE” ?
- fairly stable personaly factor
- two components: Hoep for Success and Fear of Failure
Goal Setting (Fear of Failure and Hope for success)
- High fear of failure - avoid tasks with medium difficulty
- Hope for success - you choose medium difficulty
Hope for success vs. fear fo failuure
- indiviudals that are motivated by success choose realistic tasks at mid level difficulty
- individuals that focus on failure prefer very eas or very difficult task
What is the motivation equation?
Motivation = motive x stimulus (situation) x expectancy
What are different stimuli in sport?
- social experiences
- health and fitness
- risk and adventure
- beuaty and aesthetics of movement
- performance and achievement
Intrinsically vs. extrinsically motivated actions
- intrinsically: fit between the goals and the reason for an action
- extrinsically: no fit between the goal and the reason for an action (action is used merely instrumentally)
Qualities of intrinsic motivation
- not directed at a certain goal
- optimal activation
- Self determination
- being totally immersed in an activity (pleasurable)
Motivation continuum
- Amotivation
- External regulation
- Introjected regulation
- Identified regulation
- Integrated regulation
- Intrinsic motivation
Flow (characteristics)
- highest state of intrinsic motivation
- concentrating and focusing
- a loss of the feeling of self-consciousness
Attributions of success and failure - What would be healthy?
Success to: Internal, Controllable, Stable factors
Failure to: Internal, Controllable, unstable factors.
Process vs. Performance goals
Procces: What an athlete focusses on when performing a specific skill
Performance: Focus on a specific outcome
Intention-behavior gap
- often explained by the lack of motivation
- it is also a question of volition
Motivation vs. Volition
- Motivation: Selection of action alternatives (Goal setting)
- Volition: Commitment to one action alternative and its implementation or completion (goal striving)
Volition (definition)
- auxiliary processes of self-regulation, self-control, and planning that support motivation in the face of encountered resistance
Supporting volitional processes
- initiation of an intended action
- persistent implementation of an intended action
- persistent implementation - even in light of obstacles
What is meant by “crossing the rubicon”?
indicates the formation of a goal intention (but not the beginning of an action)
What are the different phases in the RUBICON MODEL?
- Intention formation (From contemplating about different choices to planning)
- Action initiation (From planning to acting)
- Intention deactivation (From acting to evaluating)
Action control (def.)
Action control processes are all those self-regulatory processes that, in the face of resistance, support the translation of an intention into action and the adherence to it until the goal is achieved.
Action vs. state orientation
- action oriented: a person is focused on realizing a goal intention quickly (transformation of the current state)
- state oriented: one tends to engage in negative thoughts (analysis of a past, present or future situation)
What is the core problem of action control?
thoughts that are irrelevant to the execution of the action and that have a disruptive effect on it
Decision, Performance and Failure (action vs. state orientation)
- Decision: Initiative vs. Procrastination
- Performance: Endurance vs. Inconsistency
- Failure: Detachment vs. Preoccupation
Strengthening volition with WOOP … stands for
Wish
Outcome
Obstacle
Plan
