Lecture 10 Sport and Acculturation Flashcards
acculturation (def.)
acculturation is defined as the process of cultural and psychological change that follows intercultural contact
age and prejudice
- children tend to focus on physical attributed like skin color
- with increasing age and cognitive maturity stereotyping decreases
gender and prejudice
male adolescents show more racism that female adolescents
How can sport promote integration?
- socializing agent
- environment offering equal opportunities and promoting racial equality
The drawback, threat and downside of sport
- sport may reinforce existing ethnic identities
- ethnic minorities want to participate in sports with poeple of the same ethnic background
- sport used as a mean of preserving (own) ethnic identity
the contact hypothesis
- a lack of interethnic contact creates misinformation and ignorance and this leads to prejudice
- to expose poeple to accurate information about outgroups and prejudice should be reduced
- an increased interracial contact would result in more positive racial attitudes.
When is the contact hypothesis most effective?
when changing how we feel about the other group.
1. Reduce negative feelings
2. Promote positive feelings
Is intergroup contact per se enough to reduce prejudice?
contact must occur under well-defined conditions in order to successfully change intergroup attitudes for the better
Allport’s (1954) hypothesis about intergroup contact
- Equal status within the situation
- Common goals (active goal-oriented effort)
- Intergroup cooperation
- Institutional support
The ethnic-cultural identity framework - acculturation
understood as cultural and psychological changes that follow intercultural contact.
What is part of cultural changes (the ethnic-cultural identity framework)
- group’s customs
- their economic and political life
What is part of psychological changes (the ethnic-cultural identity framework)
- changes in individual’s attitudes toward the acculturation process
- their cultural identities
- and their social behaviors un relation to the groups in contact
Two independent dimensions underlying the process of acculturation …
- Cultural maintenance
- Contact and Participation
Cultural maintenance (def.)
the degree to which people wish to maintain their heriatge cultura and identity
Contact & participation (def.)
the degree to which people seek involvement with the larger society
What is part of the acculturation model?
- Cultural maintenance
- Contact & Participation
- Acculturation
Acculturation model: minority group acculturation attitudes (four aspect):
Two dimensions
1. Maintenane of heritage and identity
2. Relationships sought among groups
- Integration ( 1. +/ 2. +)
- Assimilation (1. -/ 2. +)
- Seperation (1. +/ 2. -)
- Marginalisation (1. -/ 2. -)
Results of - relation between sport climate environmental variables and the level of integration in young sport club members (Elbe et al., 2016)
- no correlation in spanish sample
- significant correlation in greek sample.
In Greece sport climate variables show relation to level of integration but not in spain.
Do team sports have advantages in promoting integration
the need for individuals to work collaboratively will encourage the devlopment of skills (trust, empathy, personal responsibility and cooperation)
Effects of positive contact
- students perceive that their PE class acts inclusively towards them
- class provides them with a sense of belonging (can be themselves)
Performance climate is charcaterized by …
- promotion of normative comparison with others
- reward of normative standards
- punishment of mistakes
- emphasize winning
Mastery climate is characterized by …
- promotion of self-improvment on tasks
- reward of effort and persistance
- being supported in seeing mistakes as part of the learning
- emphasizing learning and skill development.
The model of the study - inclusive teaching
treatment condition (TARGET yes/no) -> motivational climate perceptions -> PE Class inclusion
Testing the mediation of studnet’s motivational climate perceptions of the relation between treatment condiitons and feelings of inclsuion in the PE class
Conclusion - of the study inclusive teaching
TARGET framework can provide classroom norms of cooperation and effort rather than competition and outperforming others (Inclusive PE environments)
