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Sport and Exercise Psychology > Lecture 3 Cognitions and Learning > Flashcards

Lecture 3 Cognitions and Learning Flashcards

1
Q

Cognition

A
  • collective concept of all mental processes & activites
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2
Q

Product of cognition:

A
  1. Anticipation
  2. Attention (regulation)
  3. Decision making, tactics, stratgies
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3
Q

Perception (theory)

A
  • perception, transport and transformation of sensory info
  • influences through perceptual set
  • result: attention regulation
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4
Q

Perception (practice)

A
  • external broad: overview and orientation
  • external narrow: attention on opponent
  • internal broad attention on state and mood
  • internal narrow: breath control
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5
Q

Memory (theory)

A
  • permanent persistence of recorded info
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6
Q

Problem solving (theory)

A
  • process of outer/inner action
  • trial and error, algorithms, heuristics
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7
Q

Decision making (def.)

A

specific form and result of problem solving

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8
Q

What is all part of executive functions?

A
  1. Inhibition
  2. Working memory
  3. Cognitive flexibility
    OR
  4. Cognitive Control
  5. Updating
  6. Shifting/Switching
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9
Q

Executive functions (practice)

A
  • suppression/inhibition of rash or automated reactions
  • impulse control
  • interruption of routines
  • attention control
  • following plans
  • dual tasks
  • changing tasks and strategies
  • change of perspective
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10
Q

What are some processing methods?

A
  • Chunking
  • Spacing
  • Mnemonics
  • Test effect
  • Sleep
  • Movement
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11
Q

Executive functioning (def.)

A

Combination of Perception, memory and problem solving (different form of higher cognition)

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12
Q

Different Learning theories

A

Behavioural view
- Classical conditioning (Pavlov, Watson)
- Operant conditioning (Skinner, Thorndike)
Cognitive view
- Observational Learning / Modeling (Bandura)
- Cognitive learning / learning through insight (Wertheimer, Kohler)

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13
Q

Conditioning (def.)

A

process of learning associations

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14
Q

Classical vs. operant conditioning

A

classical: two stimuli
operant: one response & its conseqeunce

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15
Q

Process of classical conditioning

A
  1. Unconditioned stimuli (response)
  2. Neutral stimuli (no response)
  3. Neutral + unconditioned stimuli (response)
  4. neutral stimulus - Conditioned response
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16
Q

What is systematic desensitisation?

A
  • structured process to decondition
17
Q

Operant conditioning (Thorndike)

A
  • connection behavior with its conseqeunce
  • goal: learning new behavior
18
Q

Reinforcement vs. Punsihment

A
  1. Reinforcement: freqeuncy of behavior increases
  2. Punishment: frequency of behavior decreases
19
Q

What are differnet types of reinforcement?

A
  • positive (adding)
  • negative (taking sth. negative away)
  • primary
  • continuous
  • partial
  • shaping
  • chaining
20
Q

What different types of Punishment is there?

A

Positive (Type 1): Giving unpleasant stimulus
Negative (Type 2): Removing pleasant stimulus

21
Q

Goals and effects of Observational learning/Modeling (Bandura)

A
  • development of new behaviors
  • modification of existing behaviors
  • prosocial vs. antisocial
22
Q

Goals of cognitive learning/Learning through insight (Kohler)

A
  • restructuring & reorganizing
  • problem solving & behavior change
23
Q

6 Phases of cognitive learning (Wertheimer, Kohler)

A
  1. Emergence of the problem
  2. Trial behavior
  3. Restructuring
  4. Insight and solution
  5. Application
  6. Transfer
24
Q

Practical relevance of operant conditioning

A
  • promoting intrinsic motivaton
  • increase in competence & self-esteem
  • increased enjoyment of activity
  • increase in achievement motivation
  • Self-management
  • child education
  • behavioral change
25
Q

Practical relevance of classical conditioning

A

systematic desensitisation

26
Q

Practical relevance of cognitive learning theories through insigh

A
  • problem solving
  • behavior change
27
Q

Practival relevance of observational/model learning

A
  • motor learning
  • mental training
  • behavior change
  • mother tongue
  • education and teaching
  • traditions and celebrations
  • pro- & anti-social behavior
28
Q

Observation/modeling vs. cognitive learning through insight

A
  1. Learning with/without dirext experience (observing)
  2. Recognitiong and understanding of facts

Sport and Exercise Psychology (11 decks)

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