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Sport and Exercise Psychology > Lecture 11 Sport and psychological wellbing > Flashcards

Lecture 11 Sport and psychological wellbing Flashcards

1
Q

Definition of health (medical perspective)

A

absence of ilness

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2
Q

WHO definition of health

A

Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.

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3
Q

What are weaknesses of the WHO definition?

A
  • defines health as complete well-being
  • implies that physical, mental and social well-being are seperate
  • inadequate operationalisation of the concept of health
  • no objective criteria for health
  • defining health as a state ignores the dynamics
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4
Q

Definition of health by Antonovsky, 1987

A

health is defined as a dynamic interaction between risk and protective factors

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5
Q

What are potential risk factors?

A
  • physical stressors
  • gun violence
  • biochemical stressors
  • toxins, pathogens
  • psycho-social stressors
  • overtaxation/boredom
  • conflicts
  • uncertainity
  • time pressure
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6
Q

What are potential protective factors?

A
  • intelligence
  • material wealth
  • coping strategies
  • social support
  • cultural factors
  • biological factors
  • recovery
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7
Q

What is stress?

A

stress is your mind and body’s response or reaction to a real or imagines threat, event or change (the threat = stressor)

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8
Q

Eustress vs. distress

A
  1. Eustress: positive stress occurs when your level of stress is high enough to motivate you
  2. Distress: negative stress occurs when your level of stress is either too high or too low (body/mind respond negatively)
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9
Q

Definition of recovery

A
  • recovery is a process in time
  • recovery depends on the type and duration of stress
  • recovery is linked to a reduction in stress
  • recovery ends with the achievent of a psycho-physical state or restored performance and homeostatic balance
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10
Q

What does salutogensis stand for?

A

Latin: salus = health
Greek: genesis = source

Source of health.

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11
Q

assumptions about the pathogenetic model

A
  1. dichotomy
  2. risk factors and negtaive stressors
  3. potentially promote ilness
  4. use of effective medication
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12
Q

assumptions about the salutogenetic model

A
  1. Continuum
  2. Available protective factors, sense of coherence
  3. Promote both health and illness
  4. Active adaptation, risk reductrion and resource developmen
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13
Q

Salutogenesis orientation

A
  • salutogenesis focuses attention o health generation as compared to a pathogenetic focus on disease generation
  • the search for the foundation of positive patterns versus the search for the foundation of negative outcomes
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14
Q

definition: sense of coherence (Antonovsky, 1990)

A

a global orientation that expresses the extent to which one has a pervasive, enduring though dynamic feeling of confidence that one’s internal and external environments are predictable and that there is a high probablity that things will work out as well as can reasonable be expected.

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15
Q

sense of coherence (three aspects)

A
  • meaningfulness
  • manageability
  • comprehensibility
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16
Q

short-term benefits of exercise

A
  • positive mood and affect
  • vigor increases and fatigue and confusion decreases
  • reduction of anxiety
  • positive effect on cognitive functioning
17
Q

What is a runner’s high?

A

a euphoric sensation, usually unexpected, of heightened well-being, and enhanced appreciation of nature, and the transcendence of time and space

18
Q

Long-term benefits of sport participation

A
  • slow and even reverse age-related decline in mental function
  • improves sleeping habits
  • positive changes in self-esteem
  • reduced physiological response to psychosocial stressors
  • reduction in non-clinical depression
19
Q

Which (neuro-) physiological explanations are there?

A
  1. Thermo-regulation-hypothesis
  2. monoamin-hypothesis
  3. endorphin-hypothesis
20
Q

Thermo-regulation-hypothesis

A
  • exercise increases body temperature and intensifies metabolism
  • increase in temperature increases metabolic intensity.
  • benefits for oxygen supply and sensory receptor sensation
21
Q

Monoamin-hypothesis

A

an increase in the concentration of biogenic amines during endurance training leads to a change in negative mood states towards well-being.

22
Q

endorphin-hypothesis (runner’s high)

A
  • release of endogenous (beta) endorphins after physical activity
  • higher concentration of beta-endorphins during physical activity leads to a reduction in the sensation of pain during exertion and an increase in well-being.
23
Q

Which (social-) psychological explanations are there?

A

meditative states of consciousness

24
Q

Meditative states of consiousness - the effects of physical activity

A

aerobic exercise performed without external stimuli is said to lead to a feeling of pleasure in activity and an increased sense of being alive.

25
Q

What characterizes flow?

A
  • clear goals
  • concentration and focusing (a high degree of concentration on a limited field of attention)
  • a loss of the feeling of self-consciousness
  • distorted sense of time
  • direct and immediate feedback
  • balance between ability level and challenge
  • a sense of personal controo over the situation or activity
  • the activity is intrinsically rewarding, so there is an effortlessness of action
26
Q

Distraction hypothesis

A
  • sporting activity distracts from stress-related transactions, increases expectation of competence
  • avoidance of stress states and reduction of tension-specific arousal states
27
Q

exercise and self-esteem model

A

through changes in the bodyrelated self-efficacy, which on a more global level promotes the expreince of physical competence and body acceptance; this in turn may be associated with positive effects on self-esteem.

28
Q

Green-exercise hypothesis

A

physiological reactions to the natural environment and the experienced interaction with nature

29
Q

Health sports and preventions (1.,2.,3. prevention)

A
  1. prevention: avoids the development of a disease
  2. prevention: treating people with an established disease and those at a very high risk of developing a disease
  3. prevention: reduce the negative impact of an already established disease by restoring function anf reducing disease-related complications
30
Q

Factors related to the adoption or maintenance of PA behavior

A

health benefits, benefits, barriers, self-efficacy, readiness to change, goal orientation, income, education, gender, obesity

31
Q

experiences associated with bouts of PA

A

increased energy, improved body image, increased self-confidence, reduced clinical anxiety or depression, improved quality of life, increased cognitive function, improved sleep patterns

32
Q

How do you keep poeple involved in health sport programs?

A
  • positive emotions
  • social support
  • content and setting
  • group
  • cochaes

Sport and Exercise Psychology (11 decks)

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