Lecture 4: Language

Question 1

What are phonemes?

Answer 1

Basic sounds of a language

Question 2

What are phonotactic rules?

Answer 2

How phonemes can be combined

Question 3

What are morphemes?

Answer 3

Structural units of a language that indicate meaning
EG ing

Question 4

What is syntax?

Answer 4

Word order

Question 5

What is prosody?

Answer 5

Patterns of stress and intonation
EG rising pitch when asking a question

Question 6

What area of the brain generates speech?

Answer 6

Broca’s area

Question 7

What area of the brain comprehends language?

Answer 7

Wernicke’s area

Question 8

When did the descent of the larynx evolve?

Answer 8

100k-200k years ago

Question 9

When did FOXP2 divergence evolve?

Answer 9

200k years ago

Question 10

When did symbolic behaviour evolve?

Answer 10

60k+ years ago

Question 11

What is the Wernicke-Geschwind Model of how we comprehend speech?

Answer 11

1. Speech
2. Auditory cortex
3. Wernicke’s area
4. Hear and comprehend words

Question 12

What is the Wernicke-Geschwind Model of how we produce speech?

Answer 12

1. Cognition
2. Wernicke’s area
3. Broca’s area
4. Motor cortex
5. Cranial nerves
6. Speech

Question 13

What is an overview of the dual stream model by Hickok and Poeppel

Answer 13

A framework to explain the auditory processing and language functions in brain
Suggests auditory information is processed along two different pathways or streams

Question 14

What is the ventral stream in the dual stream model?

Answer 14

Recognising and understanding what you hear
Originates in the anterior superior temporal gyrus and extends to inferior frontal gyrus

Question 15

What is the dorsal stream in the dual stream model?

Answer 15

Physical aspects of sound and how we respond to it
EG understanding that someone is asking a question by their tone
Originates in posterior superior temporal gyrus and extends to parietal lobe