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Excitable Cells > ELM1 - Structure and development of nervous system > Flashcards

ELM1 - Structure and development of nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

What is decussation?

A

Right side of brain controls left side of body and vice versa Because sensory and motor pathways decussate at the medulla

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2
Q

What is cortical folding?

A

Increase in cortical neurons increases intelligence
Cortex is folded to increase the number and save space

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3
Q

What are the roles of the cerebral cortex?

A

Voluntary action
Cognition
Perception and awareness

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4
Q

What is the structure of the cerebral cortex in mammals?

A

Have neocortex
Highly developed
All have same general structure

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5
Q

What is the cerebellum?

A

Movement control centre
Connections to cerebrum and spinal cord

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6
Q

What is the diencephalon?

A

Thalamus in sleep conscious movement and hypothalamus

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7
Q

What is the mesencephalon?

A

Links between
motor systems
eye movements
sleep and temperature regulation

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8
Q

What are the two types of brainstem damage?

A

Hydrocephalus and haemorrhage
Can cause coning where brain is pushed onto the brain stem

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9
Q

What is the role of the medulla?

A

Blood pressure and respiration

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10
Q

What is the pons?

A

Ventral surface of brain stem
Relay between cortex and cerebellum

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11
Q

What is the role of the hind brain in the brain stem?

A

Contains pons cerebellum and medulla

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12
Q

What is the role of the midbrain in the brain stem?

A

Movement and sensory input

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13
Q

What is the brain stem?

A

Controls vital functions
Contaisn the midbrain and hind brain

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14
Q

What do the ventral roots of the spinal cord contain?

A

Motor neurons (efferent)

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15
Q

What do the dorsal roots of the spinal cord contain?

A

Sensory neurons (afferent)

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16
Q

What is the spinal cord?

A

Main channel for messages from skin joints and muscles to brain and back
Surrounded by meninges and CSF
Protected by spinal column

17
Q

What are the ventricles?

A

Containers of fluid in the brain
Connected by canals

18
Q

How do the primary vesicles form?

A

There are 3 swellings at rostral end of neural tube
They become primary vesicles

19
Q

How does anencephaly develop?

A

The neural tube closes from the middle and makes a pore at each end of the tube
If the anterior pore doesn’t close this causes anencephaly

20
Q

What are some ways of decreasing the chance of spina bifida?

A

Supplementing diet with folic acid in pregnancy

21
Q

What are some factors increasing the chance of getting spina bifida?

A

Antiepilepsy or bipolar drugs in pregnancy

22
Q

How does spina bifida develop?

A

The neural tube closes from the middle and leaves a pore at each end
If the posterior pore doesn’t close this causes spina bifida
Gap in vertebra and spinal cord sticks out

23
Q

What part of the neural tube becomes the PNS?

A

Neural crest

24
Q

Which part of the neural tube becomes the CNS?

A

The walls of the tube

25
Q

How is the neural tube formed?

A

The neural plate folds in half and fuses to itself t

26
Q

What is included in the rhombencephalon?

A

Pons
Medulla
Cerebellum

27
Q

What makes up the hindbrain?

A

Rhombencephalon

28
Q

What is inlcuded in the mesencephalon ?

A

Tectum
Tegmentum

29
Q

What makes up the midbrain?

A

Mesencephalon

30
Q

What is included in the diencephalon?

A

Thalamus
Hypothalamus

31
Q

What is included in the telencephalon?

A

Cortex
Olfactory bulb

32
Q

What two components is the forebrain made up of?

A

Telencephalon
Diencephalon

33
Q

What are the four different areas that the brain is split into?

A

Forebrain
Midbrain
Hindbrain
Spinal cord

34
Q

What are some features of vertebrate brains|?

A

Nerve cords are dorsal
Olfactory bulb
Cerebral hemispheres
Cerebellum
Optic tectum
Medulla oblongata

35
Q

What are some features of invertebrate brains?

A

Brain is a swelling of the nervous system
Nerve cords are under the ventral surface

36
Q

Why did we develop a nervous system?

A

To move in response to our environment

37
Q

What is the sensory division of the nervous system?

A

Sensory neurons detect change in environment and carry signals to CNS

38
Q

What is the motor division of the nervous system?

A

Neurons carry signal towards target tissue or organ
Efferent

Excitable Cells (23 decks)

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