Lecture 1 - History of Neuroscience

Question 1

What did Edwin Smith Papyrus contribute to the history of neuroscience?

Answer 1

Hieroglyphic writing as first description of brain
Talks about whether treatment works or not

Question 2

What did Hippocrates of Kos contribute to the history of neuroscience?

Answer 2

Ethics of medicine
Did observational medicine and case studies
Came up with humoral theory
Brain localisation of function
Viewed the brain as the analyst

Question 3

What is humoral theory?

Answer 3

By Hippocrates
There are 4 humors which need balancing for good health

Question 4

What did Claudius Galen contribute to the history of medicine?

Answer 4

Medical author
Described anatomy of spinal nerves and brain function
Mapped spinal cord functioning using lesioning
Described mental and brain disorders
Believed in humoral theory

Question 5

What did Ibn Sina contribute to the history of medicine?

Answer 5

Wrote Canon of Medicine about physiology medication and pathology
Wrote The Book of Healing Humoral theory

Question 6

What is the heart vs brain debate?

Answer 6

Controversy over whether our brain or heart controls us

Question 7

What did Andreas Vesalius contribute to the history of neuroscience?

Answer 7

Published study of human anatomy
Defined nerves as sensory and motor fibres
Defined brain as seat of mind and emotion
Said nerves come from the brain
Anatomy of muscular system
Challenged humoral theory

Question 8

What is the Hooke type microscope?

Answer 8

Microscope
Multiple lenses for high resolution

Question 9

What is the relevance of the giant squid axon in the history of neuroscience?

Answer 9

Can see the axon
One of first successful electrophysiology

Question 10

What is the patch clamp?

Answer 10

Tiny electrode on cell
Measures events happening under it

Question 11

What is an fMRI scan?

Answer 11

Information about what brain areas are in use
Looks at deoxygenated and oxygenated Hb to see what is where