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Excitable Cells > ELM 20: Sleep and rhythms > Flashcards

ELM 20: Sleep and rhythms Flashcards

1
Q

What are some physiological impacts of the clock?

A

Sleep/wake
Body temperature
Cardiac output
Immune response

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2
Q

What are some cellular impacts of the clock?

A

Cell cycle progression
DNA damage repair
Cell detoxification

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3
Q

What are some diseases associated with clock and rhythms?

A

Affective disorders
Sleep disorders
Inflammation
Cancer

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4
Q

What are some ways clock alterations can occur?

A

Shift work
Jet lag
Health problems

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5
Q

What are some effects of clock alterations?

A

Increased cancer
Reproductive effects
Mental health
Circadian rhythm disruption

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6
Q

What is a circadian rhythm>

A

20-28 hours

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7
Q

What is in infradian rhythm?

A

Over 28 hours

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8
Q

What is an ultradian rhythm?

A

Under 20 hours

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9
Q

What is the suprachiasmatic nucleus?

A

Circadian pacemaker controlling the timings of the sleep wake cycle

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10
Q

Which neuropeptide is found in the core of the SCN?

A

Vasointestinal polypeptide VIP

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11
Q

What is the function of VIP in the core of the SCN?

A

Receives input from the eyes

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12
Q

What neuropeptide is found in the shell of the SCN?

A

Arginine vasopressin AVP

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13
Q

What is the function of AVP in the shell of the SCN?

A

Sends output to other areas

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14
Q

What is the role of the circadian timing system?

A

Synchronises clocks across the body to optimise physiology to environmental changes

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15
Q

What is melatonin?

A

Sleep hormone

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16
Q

What is the role of the pineal gland?

A

Receives information about the state of the light dark cycle from the environment
Conveys this information using melatonin

17
Q

What is chronopharmacology?

A

How much kinetics and dynamics of medication are affected by endogenous biological rhythms
How dosing time of medications affects biological timekeeping

18
Q

What is chemotherapy?

A

Chemo considers that the worse toxicity a patient receives the better their survival is

19
Q

What is chronotherapy?

A

Better survival rates in patients who didn’t experience toxicity

20
Q

What is oxaliplatin?

A

First anticancer drug to do chronotherapeutic deveopment

21
Q

Which cancer is oxaliplatin approved for?

A

Colorectal

22
Q

How does lithium influence the biological clock

A

Affects expression of some circadian genes
Causes period lengthening and phase delay of sleep wake and body temperature

23
Q

What are some target conditions of bright light therapy?

A

Mood disorders
The elderly
Jet lag

24
Q

What are the benefits of bright light therapy?

A

Improved mood and sleep efficiency

25
Q

What is the need for sleep?

A

Learning memory growth and repair

26
Q

What are three impairments related to sleep deprivation?

A

Cognitive
Immune system and performance

27
Q

What is REM?

A

Rapid eye movement
Dreaming stage

28
Q

What is NREM?

A

Non rapid eye movement
Slow wave and deep sleep

29
Q

What is sleep stage 1?

A

NREM
1-7 min
5% total time

30
Q

What is sleep stage 2?

A

NREM
10-25 min
45% total time

31
Q

What is sleep stage 3?

A

NREM
20-40 min
25% total time

32
Q

What is sleep stage 4?

A

REM
10-60 min
25% total time

33
Q

Who proposed the existence of an arousal system?

A

Von Economo

34
Q

What is orexin?

A

Promotes wakefulness

35
Q

What is the flip flop model using orexin?

A

Orexin neurons stimulate different brain nuclei
Integrates metabolic circadian and sleep debt influences to decide whether an animal should be asleep or awake

36
Q

What is the role of DMH regions?

A

Attenuate or eliminate circadian rhythms of sleep wake

37
Q

What is the sleep drive?

A

Interaction between sleep drive and circadian drive for arousal
Balancing

Excitable Cells (23 decks)

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