Lecture 4: Interpretation of Clinical Lab Values Flashcards
___: substances whose chemical constituents are being identified and measured
Analytes
Lab assays to measure analyte level usually use ___ prepared from whole blood drawn
serum
____: the watery acellular portion of blood separated by centrifugation of whole blood in the presence of anticoagulant
Plasma
What type of solution is plasma? serum?
plasma: physiological solution
serum: non-physiological solution
____: liquid remaining after centrifugation of whole blood that has been allowed to clot
Serum
Major advantage of serum?
There are no additives required to prevent clotting
True or False: Careless handling of serum may result in RBC lysis
True
True or False: There is a small possibility of false positives with serum
True
Most diagnostically important enzymes have _____ functions and do not normally function in ___.
intracellular; blood
What are two reasons why blood from normal healthy individuals may contain enzymes?
- Active secretion (i.e., coagulation precursors such as prothrombin)
- Release from cells at LOW LEVELS during normal cell turnover.
True or False: In healthy individuals blood enzyme levels are fairly constant – equilibrium between release and removal
True
Where do most enzymes function?
In cells
True or False: Disease or exposures to drugs, microbes, can cause damage to cell membranes (cell necrosis) and lead intracellular enzymes to be released into the blood, causing elevated blood enzyme concentrations
True
True or False: Enzymes in blood due to cellular damage function physiologically
False - Enzymes in blood due to cellular damage function no longer function physiologically
True or False: Detection of elevated enzyme levels can help to: 1) make/confirm dx; 2) develop prognosis, 3) monitor response to drug therapy
True
Two clinical reasons for elevated enzymes in blood?
1) Basal (normal) levels
-normal cellular turnover
2) Pathologies, drugs
-can cause enzyme levels greater than (or sometimes less than) basal levels
1) Which of these enzymes is the MOST specific test?
2) Which of these enzymes is the LEAST specific test?
3) How might you improve diagnostic specificity?
1) ALT
2) LDH
3) Panels/profiles/isoforms
True or False:
Serum chemistry profiles are generated for patients to:
1) assess health status
2) provide baseline levels
3) monitor response to treatment, etc.
True
____: Series or panel of 8 chemical blood tests that assess fluid and electrolyte status, kidney function, blood sugar levels (Diabetes), malnutrition and
response to various medications and other therapies
Basic Metabolic Panel/Chem 7
True or False: A BMP may identify acute problems involving kidney, diabetic shock, respiratory
distress and congestive heart failure
True
What 8 chemical blood tests are done for a BMP?
-Serum Sodium
-Serum Potassium
-Serum Chloride
-Serum Calcium
-CO2
-Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)
-Creatinine
-Glucose
____: A panel of 14 chemical blood tests that adds assessment of liver function to the BMP.
CMP (Chem 12)
True or False: A CMP is used as routine test during physical exam or to monitor chronic conditions such as hypertension or diabetes or to monitor response to a drug regimen
that may have kidney- or liver-related adverse reactions
True
What 14 chemical blood tests are looked at in a CMP?
Renal Profile?