Lecture 30: Nutritional and Optimal Health Flashcards
What is the primary cause of death in American women and men?
Heart Disease
(cancer is secondary)
The primary dietary determinant of serum cholesterol is quantity and type of dietary ___ consumed
fat
What foods have a great deal of saturated fats? How do saturated fats affect cholesterol levels?
Dairy, meats
-Increases cholesterol (LDL) and TC
What food have monounsaturated (one double bond) fats? How do monounsaturated fats affect cholesterol?
plant oils, nuts, seeds
-Decreases LDL/total cholesterol
-Maintains or increase HDL
up to 20% of calories!
What foods have polyunsaturated fats (multiple double bonds)? How do polyunsaturated fats affect cholesterol?
Corn oil, vegetable oil (omega 3/6) and fish
-Lowers HDL, LDL, and TC
up to 10% of calories!
How does omega 3 affect triglycerides? How can it benefit heart health?
Reduces triglycerides and decreases arrythmia
The current guidelines state we should decrease dietary intake of ___ fat and ____
saturated fat; cholesterol
The ____ eating plan can reduce blood pressure about as much as weight reduction can
DASH (rich in fruits, veggies, low fat dairy + decreased saturated/total fat cholesterol)
True or False: Colon cancer is related to diet
True
What are the top three cancers in men? Women?
Men: Prostate, lung, colon cancer
Women: Breast, lung, colon cancer
Five types of naturally occurring dietary carcinogens?
1) Safrole (nutmeg, pepper, cinnamon)
2) Hydrazine (shrooms)
3) Alkaloids
4) Caffeic acid
5) Furocoumarins (carrots, celery, parsley)
True or False: Aflatoxin is a myocotoxin
True (can can liver cancer)
True or False: frying and grilling can create heterocyclic amines (HCA’s), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PCA’s), and N-nitroso compounds
True
Endogenous formation of N-nitroso compounds can be inhibited by which vitamin?
Vit C
True or False: Red meat and processed meat is likely carcinogenic to humans, may cause colorectal cancer
True
Both lycopene (tomatoes), resveratrol (grapes) and green tea are ____
anti-oxidants
Phytochemicals can prevent cancer by affecting cell ___
proliferation
How can women protect themselves from getting osteoporosis later in life?
By reaching full genetic potential early on with lifestyle modifications, so that when menopause occurs, bone density is going to take more time to decline
Why are women more susceptible than men to osteoporotic bone fractures in later life?
Menopause leads to decline in bone mass
Adequate intake of __ and __ throughout lifecycle can help prevent osteoporosis, particularly during childhood and adolescence.
vit D/calcium
True or False: Milk and other dairy products are good sources of calcium
True
Dietary sources of folic acids?
Green vegetables
Legumes
Citus/juices
Cereals
Multi-vit supplements
Folate exist in nature as polyglutamate. However, humans can only absorb the ____ form
Monoglutamate