Lecture 30: Nutritional and Optimal Health

Question 1

What is the primary cause of death in American women and men?

Answer 1

Heart Disease
(cancer is secondary)

Question 2

The primary dietary determinant of serum cholesterol is quantity and type of dietary ___ consumed

Answer 2

fat

Question 3

What foods have a great deal of saturated fats? How do saturated fats affect cholesterol levels?

Answer 3

Dairy, meats
-Increases cholesterol (LDL) and TC

Question 4

What food have monounsaturated (one double bond) fats? How do monounsaturated fats affect cholesterol?

Answer 4

plant oils, nuts, seeds
-Decreases LDL/total cholesterol
-Maintains or increase HDL

up to 20% of calories!

Question 5

What foods have polyunsaturated fats (multiple double bonds)? How do polyunsaturated fats affect cholesterol?

Answer 5

Corn oil, vegetable oil (omega 3/6) and fish

-Lowers HDL, LDL, and TC
up to 10% of calories!

Question 6

How does omega 3 affect triglycerides? How can it benefit heart health?

Answer 6

Reduces triglycerides and decreases arrythmia

Question 7

The current guidelines state we should decrease dietary intake of ___ fat and ____

Answer 7

saturated fat; cholesterol

Question 8

The ____ eating plan can reduce blood pressure about as much as weight reduction can

Answer 8

DASH (rich in fruits, veggies, low fat dairy + decreased saturated/total fat cholesterol)

Question 9

True or False: Colon cancer is related to diet

Answer 9

True

Question 10

What are the top three cancers in men? Women?

Answer 10

Men: Prostate, lung, colon cancer
Women: Breast, lung, colon cancer

Question 11

Five types of naturally occurring dietary carcinogens?

Answer 11

1) Safrole (nutmeg, pepper, cinnamon)
2) Hydrazine (shrooms)
3) Alkaloids
4) Caffeic acid
5) Furocoumarins (carrots, celery, parsley)

Question 12

True or False: Aflatoxin is a myocotoxin

Answer 12

True (can can liver cancer)

Question 13

True or False: frying and grilling can create heterocyclic amines (HCA’s), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PCA’s), and N-nitroso compounds

Answer 13

True

Question 14

Endogenous formation of N-nitroso compounds can be inhibited by which vitamin?

Answer 14

Vit C

Question 15

True or False: Red meat and processed meat is likely carcinogenic to humans, may cause colorectal cancer

Answer 15

True

Question 16

Both lycopene (tomatoes), resveratrol (grapes) and green tea are ____

Answer 16

anti-oxidants

Question 17

Phytochemicals can prevent cancer by affecting cell ___

Answer 17

proliferation

Question 18

How can women protect themselves from getting osteoporosis later in life?

Answer 18

By reaching full genetic potential early on with lifestyle modifications, so that when menopause occurs, bone density is going to take more time to decline

Question 19

Why are women more susceptible than men to osteoporotic bone fractures in later life?

Answer 19

Menopause leads to decline in bone mass

Question 20

Adequate intake of __ and __ throughout lifecycle can help prevent osteoporosis, particularly during childhood and adolescence.

Answer 20

vit D/calcium

Question 21

True or False: Milk and other dairy products are good sources of calcium

Answer 21

True

Question 22

Dietary sources of folic acids?

Answer 22

Green vegetables
Legumes
Citus/juices
Cereals
Multi-vit supplements

Question 23

Folate exist in nature as polyglutamate. However, humans can only absorb the ____ form

Answer 23

Monoglutamate