lecture 4: innate immunity (part 1)

Question 1

chemokines binding to _____ activates integrins

Answer 1

CCR7

Question 2

Effector T cell migration into peripheral tissues is mediated by…

Answer 2

E-selectine and P selectin, integrins and chemokine (CXCL10) that are produced at sites of infection

Question 3

what ligand does L-selectin bind to and what is the function of this pair

Answer 3

PNAd: initial weak adhesion of naive T cells to HEV in lymph node

Question 4

what ligand does CCR7 bind to and what is the function of this pair

Answer 4

CCL19/21; activation of integrins and chemokinesis

Question 5

what ligand does LFA-1 bind to and what is the function of this pair

Answer 5

ICAM-1; stable arrest on HEV in lymph node

Question 6

what ligand does CXCR5 bind to and what is the function of this pair

Answer 6

CXCL10; Activation of integrins and chemokinesis

Question 7

what ligand doesCCR5 bind to and what is the function of this pair

Answer 7

CCL4; activation of integrins and chemokinesis

Question 8

what is CD44 important for

Answer 8

mobilization of effector T cells in sites of infection and inflammation; can mediate rolling interactions with vascular endothelial cells that express HA, its natural ligand or E-selectin

Question 9

what does engagement of CD44 with HA trigger

Answer 9

GPCT-dependent inside-out up regulation of VLA-4-VCAM binding

Question 10

what chemokine receptor do B cells express as they mature

Answer 10

CXCR5

Question 11

what does the homing process of Naive B cells require

Answer 11

CXCL12 and CCL19/21 on HEV and their receptors CXCR4 and CCR7 on naive B cells

Question 12

what is the role of NK cells as circulating effector cells

Answer 12

lysis of infected cells, activation of macrophages

Question 13

what is the role of complement as circulating effector proteins

Answer 13

killing of microbes, opsonization of microbes, activation of leukocytes

Question 14

what is the role of mannose-binding lectin as a circulating effector protein

Answer 14

opsonization of microbes activation of lectin pathway (complement system)

Question 15

what is the role of TNF, IL-1 and chemokines

Answer 15

inflammation

Question 16

what is the role of IFN-alpha and beta as cytokines

Answer 16

resistance to viral infection

Question 17

what is the role of INF-gamma as a cytokine

Answer 17

macrophage activation

Question 18

what is the role of IL-12 as a cytokines

Answer 18

IFN gamma production by NK cells and T cells

Question 19

what is the role of IL-15 as a cytokines

Answer 19

proliferation of NK cells

Question 20

what is the role of IL-10 and TGF–beta as cytokine

Answer 20

control of inflammation

Question 21

define opsonization

Answer 21

process by which a pathogen is marked for elimination

Question 22

what TLRs recognize extracellular pathogens

Answer 22

1,2,4,5 and 6

Question 23

what TLRs recognize intracellular pathogens

Answer 23

3,7,8 and 9

Question 24

what do endosomal TLRs respond to

Answer 24

ONLY nucleic acids

Question 25

what are the ligands, cells carrying the receptor, and cellular location of receptor for TLR1:TLR2 heterodimer

Answer 25

ligand=lipopeptides and GPI, cells carrying receptor= monocytes, DCs, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells, cellular location= plasma membrane

Question 26

what are the ligands, cells carrying the receptor, and cellular location of receptor for TLR2:TLR6 heterodimer

Answer 26

ligand=lipoteichoic acid and zymosan, cells carrying receptor; monocytes, DCs, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells cellular location= plasma membrane

Question 27

what are the ligands, cells carrying the receptor, and cellular location of receptor for TLR3

Answer 27

ligand: double-stranded viral RNA, cells carrying: NK cells, cellular location: endosomes

Question 28

what are the ligands, cells carrying the receptor, and cellular location of receptor for TLR4:TLR4 homodimer

Answer 28

ligand: lipopolysaccharide, cells carrying: macrophages, DCs, mast cells, eosinophils, cellular location: plasma membrane

Question 29

what are the ligands, cells carrying the receptor, and cellular location of receptor for TLR5

Answer 29

ligand: flagellin, cells carrying: intestinal epithelium, cellular location: plasma membrane

Question 30

what are the ligands, cells carrying the receptor, and cellular location of receptor for TLR7

Answer 30

ligand: SS viral RNAs, cells carrying: plasmacytoid DCs, NK cells, eosinophils, B cells, location: endosomes

Question 31

what are the ligands, cells carrying the receptor, and cellular location of receptor for TLR8

Answer 31

ligand: SS viral RNAs, cells carrying: NK cells, cellular location: endosomes

Question 32

what are the ligands, cells carrying the receptor, and cellular location of receptor for TLR9

Answer 32

ligand: unmethylated CpG-rich DNA, cells carrying: plasmacytoid DCs, B cells, eosinophils, Basophils location: endosomes

Question 33

what do TLRs 1,2,5 and 6 use as adopter proteins and what do they activation

Answer 33

adaptor protein=MyD88, | activate NK-kB

Question 34

what adaptor protein does TLR3 use and what does it activation

Answer 34

adaptor protein=TRIF, | activates IRF transcription factors

Question 35

what response do cytokine IL-12 control

Answer 35

adaptive T cell immune repsonse

Question 36

what is the LPS binding protein in the blood

Answer 36

LBP

Question 37

what is the receptor for LPS

Answer 37

CD14

Question 38

what does HMGB1 do

Answer 38

protein passively released during necrosis that activates NF-kB pathway

Question 39

what do NLRs help regulate & control

Answer 39

host innate immune responses and control the activation of inflammatory caspases

Question 40

what is the main function of caspase-1

Answer 40

cleave the inactive cytoplasmic precursor forms of 2 homologous cytokines (IL1beta and IL-18)

Question 41

what do SRs do

Answer 41

group of receptors mediating the uptake of oxidized lipoproteins into cells

Question 42

what does CD36 do

Answer 42

mediates recognition/phagocytosis of microorganisms/ also functions as a coreceptor in TLR2/6 recognition and response to bacterially derived lipoteichoic acid and diacylated lipopeptides

Question 43

how do defensins kill microbes

Answer 43

by inserting into and disrupting functions of the microbial membranes