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immunology > lecture 4: innate immunity (part 1) > Flashcards

lecture 4: innate immunity (part 1) Flashcards

1
Q

chemokines binding to _____ activates integrins

A

CCR7

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2
Q

Effector T cell migration into peripheral tissues is mediated by…

A

E-selectine and P selectin, integrins and chemokine (CXCL10) that are produced at sites of infection

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3
Q

what ligand does L-selectin bind to and what is the function of this pair

A

PNAd: initial weak adhesion of naive T cells to HEV in lymph node

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4
Q

what ligand does CCR7 bind to and what is the function of this pair

A

CCL19/21; activation of integrins and chemokinesis

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5
Q

what ligand does LFA-1 bind to and what is the function of this pair

A

ICAM-1; stable arrest on HEV in lymph node

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6
Q

what ligand does CXCR5 bind to and what is the function of this pair

A

CXCL10; Activation of integrins and chemokinesis

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7
Q

what ligand doesCCR5 bind to and what is the function of this pair

A

CCL4; activation of integrins and chemokinesis

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8
Q

what is CD44 important for

A

mobilization of effector T cells in sites of infection and inflammation; can mediate rolling interactions with vascular endothelial cells that express HA, its natural ligand or E-selectin

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9
Q

what does engagement of CD44 with HA trigger

A

GPCT-dependent inside-out up regulation of VLA-4-VCAM binding

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10
Q

what chemokine receptor do B cells express as they mature

A

CXCR5

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11
Q

what does the homing process of Naive B cells require

A

CXCL12 and CCL19/21 on HEV and their receptors CXCR4 and CCR7 on naive B cells

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12
Q

what is the role of NK cells as circulating effector cells

A

lysis of infected cells, activation of macrophages

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13
Q

what is the role of complement as circulating effector proteins

A

killing of microbes, opsonization of microbes, activation of leukocytes

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14
Q

what is the role of mannose-binding lectin as a circulating effector protein

A

opsonization of microbes activation of lectin pathway (complement system)

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15
Q

what is the role of TNF, IL-1 and chemokines

A

inflammation

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16
Q

what is the role of IFN-alpha and beta as cytokines

A

resistance to viral infection

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17
Q

what is the role of INF-gamma as a cytokine

A

macrophage activation

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18
Q

what is the role of IL-12 as a cytokines

A

IFN gamma production by NK cells and T cells

19
Q

what is the role of IL-15 as a cytokines

A

proliferation of NK cells

20
Q

what is the role of IL-10 and TGF–beta as cytokine

A

control of inflammation

21
Q

define opsonization

A

process by which a pathogen is marked for elimination

22
Q

what TLRs recognize extracellular pathogens

A

1,2,4,5 and 6

23
Q

what TLRs recognize intracellular pathogens

A

3,7,8 and 9

24
Q

what do endosomal TLRs respond to

A

ONLY nucleic acids

25
Q

what are the ligands, cells carrying the receptor, and cellular location of receptor for TLR1:TLR2 heterodimer

A

ligand=lipopeptides and GPI, cells carrying receptor= monocytes, DCs, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells, cellular location= plasma membrane

26
Q

what are the ligands, cells carrying the receptor, and cellular location of receptor for TLR2:TLR6 heterodimer

A

ligand=lipoteichoic acid and zymosan,
cells carrying receptor; monocytes, DCs, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells
cellular location= plasma membrane

27
Q

what are the ligands, cells carrying the receptor, and cellular location of receptor for TLR3

A

ligand: double-stranded viral RNA,
cells carrying: NK cells,
cellular location: endosomes

28
Q

what are the ligands, cells carrying the receptor, and cellular location of receptor for TLR4:TLR4 homodimer

A

ligand: lipopolysaccharide,
cells carrying: macrophages, DCs, mast cells, eosinophils,
cellular location: plasma membrane

29
Q

what are the ligands, cells carrying the receptor, and cellular location of receptor for TLR5

A

ligand: flagellin,
cells carrying: intestinal epithelium,
cellular location: plasma membrane

30
Q

what are the ligands, cells carrying the receptor, and cellular location of receptor for TLR7

A

ligand: SS viral RNAs,
cells carrying: plasmacytoid DCs, NK cells, eosinophils, B cells,
location: endosomes

31
Q

what are the ligands, cells carrying the receptor, and cellular location of receptor for TLR8

A

ligand: SS viral RNAs,
cells carrying: NK cells,
cellular location: endosomes

32
Q

what are the ligands, cells carrying the receptor, and cellular location of receptor for TLR9

A

ligand: unmethylated CpG-rich DNA,
cells carrying: plasmacytoid DCs, B cells, eosinophils, Basophils
location: endosomes

33
Q

what do TLRs 1,2,5 and 6 use as adopter proteins and what do they activation

A

adaptor protein=MyD88,

activate NK-kB

34
Q

what adaptor protein does TLR3 use and what does it activation

A

adaptor protein=TRIF,

activates IRF transcription factors

35
Q

what response do cytokine IL-12 control

A

adaptive T cell immune repsonse

36
Q

what is the LPS binding protein in the blood

A

LBP

37
Q

what is the receptor for LPS

A

CD14

38
Q

what does HMGB1 do

A

protein passively released during necrosis that activates NF-kB pathway

39
Q

what do NLRs help regulate & control

A

host innate immune responses and control the activation of inflammatory caspases

40
Q

what is the main function of caspase-1

A

cleave the inactive cytoplasmic precursor forms of 2 homologous cytokines (IL1beta and IL-18)

41
Q

what do SRs do

A

group of receptors mediating the uptake of oxidized lipoproteins into cells

42
Q

what does CD36 do

A

mediates recognition/phagocytosis of microorganisms/ also functions as a coreceptor in TLR2/6 recognition and response to bacterially derived lipoteichoic acid and diacylated lipopeptides

43
Q

how do defensins kill microbes

A

by inserting into and disrupting functions of the microbial membranes

immunology (13 decks)

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