Lecture 18-Hypersensitivity

Question 1

______ are immune responses that cause tissue injury

Answer 1

hypersensitivity reactions

Question 2

what is type 1 hypersensitivity mediated and resulting from

Answer 2

mediated by IgE; results from actions of mediators secreted by the mast cells

Question 3

what is type 2 hypersensitivity mediated and what does it cause

Answer 3

mediated by Abs that bind tissue Ags and cause complement-dependent tissue injury and disease

Question 4

what is type 3 hypersensitivity mediated by and what does it cause

Answer 4

mediated by Abs that bind to circulating Abs to form immune complexes, which deposit in vessels and cause complement-dependent injury in the vessels wall (vasculitis)

Question 5

what is type 4 hypersensitivity mediated by and what does it result from

Answer 5

mediated by T cells diseases and results from inflammation caused by cytokines produced by CD4+ Th1 and Th17 cells, or killing of host cells by CD8+ CTLs

Question 6

what is type 1 hypersensitivity most triggered by

Answer 6

environmental antigens

Question 7

define atopy

Answer 7

genetic tendency to develop allergic diseases

Question 8

describe the immediate phase of a type 1 reaction

Answer 8

vascular and smooth muscle reaction to allergen develops within minutes after challenge

Question 9

what is the late phase reaction of type 1 characterized by

Answer 9

inflammatory infiltrate rich in eosinophils, neutrophils, and T cells

Question 10

what does histamine do in type 1 responses

Answer 10

major amine that causes the dilation of small blood vessels and increases vascular permeability

Question 11

what do proteases do in type 1 reactions

Answer 11

cause damage to local tissues

Question 12

who do prostaglandins do in type 1 reactions

Answer 12

vascular dilation

Question 13

what do leukotrienes do in type 1 reactions

Answer 13

stimulate prolonged smooth muscle contraction

Question 14

hyperthyroidism and graves disease is associated with what type of hypersensitivity

Answer 14

type 2

Question 15

what type of hypersensitivity is myasthenia gravis associated with

Answer 15

type 2

Question 16

what is different between type 2 and 3 hypersensitivity

Answer 16

the Ag in 3 is in circulation (soluble) while type 2 is typically tissue Ag

Question 17

what is the major mechanism triggering damage in type 3 hypersensitivity

Answer 17

classical activation of complement and recruitment of leukocytes

Question 18

what type of sensitivity is SLE associated with

Answer 18

type 2

Question 19

what are the major triggers of type 4 hypersensitivity

Answer 19

autoimmunity, exaggerated or persistent responses to environmental Ags, and some microbial Ags

Question 20

what autoimmune diseases are mediated by type 4 hypersensitivity

Answer 20

MS, rheumatoid arthritis, and type 1 diabetes

Question 21

what Th cells are involved the most in type 4 hypersensitivity

Answer 21

Th1 and Th17 (the cytokines that they produce)

Question 22

what interleukins are particularly involved in production of Ag-specific T cells in type 4

Answer 22

IL-12 and IL-2

Question 23

what do inhibitors of calcineurin, Jaks and other kinases cause

Answer 23

inhibition of signaling

Question 24

what do anti-IL-2r do

Answer 24

block T cell proliferation

Question 25

what do Anti-IL-17 do

Answer 25

block inflammation

Question 26

what do anti-p40 do

Answer 26

block Th1 and Th17 responses

Question 27

what do anti-integrins do

Answer 27

block adhesion

Question 28

what do anti-TNF, Anti-IL-1, and Anti-IL-6R do

Answer 28

block inflammation

Question 29

what do CTLA4-Ig do

Answer 29

block costimulation

Question 30

what are the principal clinical manifestations of SLE

Answer 30

rashes, arthritis, and glomerulonephritis

Question 31

what are the most frequent auto-Abs found in SLE

Answer 31

anti-DNA Abs

Question 32

what is the principal diagnostic test for SLE

Answer 32

presence of anti-nuclear Abs

Question 33

what type of reactions is rheumatoid arthritis mediated by

Answer 33

type 2/3 hypersensitivity reactions