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MICR 130 > Lecture 4 & chp4 > Flashcards

Lecture 4 & chp4 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a Prokaryote?

A

cells that share certain rRNA sequences

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2
Q

What is a eukaryote?

A

cell having DNA inside a distinct membrane-enclosed nucleus

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3
Q

What does DORA stand for?

A

DNA, Organelles, Reproduction, Average size

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4
Q

DORA Prokaryote

A

D:
- naked
- circular
- usually no introns
O:
- no nucleus
- not membrane bound
- 70S ribosomes
R
- binary fission
- single chromosome
(haploid)
A:
smaller (~1-5μm)

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5
Q

DORA eukaryote

A

D:
- bound to protein
- linear
- usually has introns
O:
- has a nucleus
- membrane bound
- 80S ribosones
R:
- mitosis & meiosis
- chromosomes paired
(diploid or more)
A:
Larger (~10-100μm)

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6
Q

What are Cocci

A

spherical or roughly spherical bacterium

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7
Q

What are diplococci

A

cocci that divide and remain attached in pairs

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8
Q

What are strepococci

A

cocci that remain attached in chains after cell division

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9
Q

What are tetrads

A

group of cocci

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10
Q

What are sarcinae

A

group of 8 bacteria that remain in packet after dividing

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11
Q

What are staphylococci

A

grape-like cluster or broad sheet

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12
Q

WHat are diplobacilli

A

rods that divide and remain attached in pairs

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13
Q

What are streptobacilli

A

rods that remain attached in chains after cell division

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14
Q

What is Glycocalyx

A

gelatinous polymer surrounding a cell
- composed of polysaccharide, polypeptide, or both

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15
Q

What are the two types of glycolyx

A

capsule: neatly organized, firmly attached
slime layer: unorganized and loose

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16
Q

What is a Flagella

A

thin appendage from the surface of the cell
- used for cellular locomotion

17
Q

What are Archaella

A

like flagella but thinner, more solid

18
Q

What are Axial filaments

A

structure for motility found in spirochetes

19
Q

What are Fimbriae and Pili

A
  • hairlike appendages that allow for attachment
  • involved in motility
20
Q

Gram-Positive vs Gram-Negative cell walls

A

cell walls:
+: layers of petidoglycan

-: thin layer peptidoglycan

21
Q

What are Gram-Neg cell walls made of?

A

lippopolysaccharide

22
Q

What are Atypical cell walls?

A

acid-fast cell walls
waxy lipid bound to peptidoglycan

23
Q

What is the plasma membrane?

A

phospholipid bilayer encloses cytoplasm
selectively permeable
contain enzymes for atp production

24
Q

Passive vs Active process

A

p: high to low concentration; no energy needed
a: low to high concentration; energy needed

25
Q

What is cytoplasm?

A

substance inside plasma membrane; cytoskeleton

26
Q

What is the nucleoid?

A

irregular shaped region that contains the DNA

27
Q

What are ribosomes?

A

sites of protein synthesis; made of protein and rRNA

28
Q

What are endospores?

A

resting cells; produced when nutrients are depleted

29
Q

What is the nucleus?

A

nuclear envelope contains cells DNA

30
Q

What is Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)?

A
  • produces proteins for rest of cell to function
    folded transport network
31
Q

Rough ER vs Smooth ER

A

r: studded w/ ribosomes; sites of protein synthesis
s: no ribosomes; synthesizes cell membranes, fats & hormones

32
Q

What is the golgi complex?

A
  • package protein into vesicles
    transport organelle; modifies proteins from ER
    transports modified proteins via secretory vesicles
33
Q

What are lysosomes?

A

vesicles formed in golgi complex; contain digestive enzymes

34
Q

What are vacuoles?

A

bring food into cells, excrete waste

35
Q

What are mitochondria?

A

double membrane; involved in ATP production

36
Q

What are chloroplasts?

A

locations of photosynthesis

37
Q

What are peroxisomes?

A

oxidize fatty acids; destroy

38
Q

What are centrosomes?

A

networks of protein & centrioles; critical role in cell division

39
Q

What is the endosymbiotic theory?

A

large bacteria cells engulfed small bacterial cells, developing the first eukaryotes

MICR 130 (12 decks)

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