L1 CHP 1 - Microbiomes, typesof microorganisms Flashcards

1
Q

What is a micro-organism?

A

organisms that are too small to be seen w/ just our eyes

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2
Q

What are the different types of micro-organisms?

A

bacteria, fungi, protozoa, algae, viruses, and multicellular animal cells

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3
Q

What are things some microorganisms do that either benefit or don’t benefit humans?

A
  • are pathogenic
  • make fermented foods
  • make chemical products
  • used in disease treatments
  • constitute the human microbiome
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4
Q

How many body cells does the adult human compose of? How many bacterial cells?

A
  • 30 trillion body cells
  • 40 trillion body cells
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5
Q

What are a group of microbes that live in/on the human body called?

A

The human microbiome

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6
Q

Describe some of the destructive and beneficial actions of microbes:

A
  • some are pathogens
  • decompose organic waste

pos:
- create fermented foods
- create chemicals used in disease treatment
- generate oxygen through photosynthesis
-produce chemical products like ethanol, acetone’
- constitute the human microbiome

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7
Q

What are the different types of microorganisms?

A

-bacteria
-fungi
-viruses
-archaea
- protozoa
- algae
- multicellular animal parasites

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8
Q

What is a prokaryote?

A

a cell whose genetic material is NOT enclosed in a nuclear envelope

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9
Q

What is bacteria?

A

a unicellular organism
has a peptidoglycan cell wall
lacks organelles and a organized nucleus

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10
Q

How do bacteria reproduce?

A

by dividing into two equal cells; binary fission

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11
Q

How do bacteria get nutrition?

A

organic and inorganic chemicals photosynthesis

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12
Q

What is archaea?

A

unicellular prokaryote
LACKS peptidoglycan wall
reproduce asexually
lives in extreme conditions
NOT known to cause human disease

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13
Q

What are the 3 main groups of archaea and where do they live?

A
  • Methogens:
    produce methane as a waste product from respiration
  • extreme halophiles
    live in extremely salty environments
  • extreme thermophiles
    live in hot sulfurous water
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14
Q

What is fungi?

A

eukaryote
has chitin cell walls
multi or unicellular
sexually or asexually

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15
Q

how do fungi get their energy?

A

through absorbing organic chemicals

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16
Q

What is an example of a multicellular fungi?

A

molds & mushrooms

17
Q

What is an example of a unicellular fungi?

A

yeast

18
Q

What is a protozoa? How do they move?

A

Unicellular eukaryotic microbes
psuedopods, flagella cilia
reproduce sexually or asexually
live as either free-entities or parasites

19
Q

How do protozoa get their nutrients? How do parasite protozoa get their nutrients?

A

absorb/ingest organic chemicals (some are photosynthetic)
from living hosts

20
Q

How do protozoa reproduce?

A

Both sexually and asexually

21
Q

How do protozoa move?

A

pseudopods, flagella, or cilia

22
Q

What is algae?

A

photosynthetic eukaryote
unicellular or multicellular
cell walls usually contain cellulose

23
Q

Where is algae found?

A

freshwater, saltwater, and soil

24
Q

How do algae get nutrients?

A

photosynthesis

25
Q

how do algae reproduce?

A

sexually or asexually

26
Q

What is a virus?

A

parasitic, acellular, consists of only DNA or RNA core

27
Q

How does a virus reproduce?

A

Can only replicate in a living host cell, they are inert outside living hosts

28
Q

What are the 3 domains of microorganisms based on cellular organization?

A
  • bacteria
  • archaea
  • eukarya
29
Q

Which microbes are unicellular? Which can be both?

A

bacteria, protozoa, archaea
fungi, algae

30
Q
A