L1 CHP 1 - Microbiomes, typesof microorganisms

Question 1

What is a micro-organism?

Answer 1

organisms that are too small to be seen w/ just our eyes

Question 2

What are the different types of micro-organisms?

Answer 2

bacteria, fungi, protozoa, algae, viruses, and multicellular animal cells

Question 3

What are things some microorganisms do that either benefit or don’t benefit humans?

Answer 3

• are pathogenic
• make fermented foods
• make chemical products
• used in disease treatments
• constitute the human microbiome

Question 4

How many body cells does the adult human compose of? How many bacterial cells?

Answer 4

• 30 trillion body cells
• 40 trillion body cells

Question 5

What are a group of microbes that live in/on the human body called?

Answer 5

The human microbiome

Question 6

Describe some of the destructive and beneficial actions of microbes:

Answer 6

• some are pathogens
• decompose organic waste

pos:
- create fermented foods
- create chemicals used in disease treatment
- generate oxygen through photosynthesis
-produce chemical products like ethanol, acetone’
- constitute the human microbiome

Question 7

What are the different types of microorganisms?

Answer 7

-bacteria
-fungi
-viruses
-archaea
- protozoa
- algae
- multicellular animal parasites

Question 8

What is a prokaryote?

Answer 8

a cell whose genetic material is NOT enclosed in a nuclear envelope

Question 9

What is bacteria?

Answer 9

a unicellular organism
has a peptidoglycan cell wall
lacks organelles and a organized nucleus

Question 10

How do bacteria reproduce?

Answer 10

by dividing into two equal cells; binary fission

Question 11

How do bacteria get nutrition?

Answer 11

organic and inorganic chemicals photosynthesis

Question 12

What is archaea?

Answer 12

unicellular prokaryote
LACKS peptidoglycan wall
reproduce asexually
lives in extreme conditions
NOT known to cause human disease

Question 13

What are the 3 main groups of archaea and where do they live?

Answer 13

• Methogens:
  produce methane as a waste product from respiration
• extreme halophiles
  live in extremely salty environments
• extreme thermophiles
  live in hot sulfurous water

Question 14

What is fungi?

Answer 14

eukaryote
has chitin cell walls
multi or unicellular
sexually or asexually

Question 15

how do fungi get their energy?

Answer 15

through absorbing organic chemicals

Question 16

What is an example of a multicellular fungi?

Answer 16

molds & mushrooms

Question 17

What is an example of a unicellular fungi?

Answer 17

yeast

Question 18

What is a protozoa? How do they move?

Answer 18

Unicellular eukaryotic microbes
psuedopods, flagella cilia
reproduce sexually or asexually
live as either free-entities or parasites

Question 19

How do protozoa get their nutrients? How do parasite protozoa get their nutrients?

Answer 19

absorb/ingest organic chemicals (some are photosynthetic)
from living hosts

Question 20

How do protozoa reproduce?

Answer 20

Both sexually and asexually

Question 21

How do protozoa move?

Answer 21

pseudopods, flagella, or cilia

Question 22

What is algae?

Answer 22

photosynthetic eukaryote
unicellular or multicellular
cell walls usually contain cellulose

Question 23

Where is algae found?

Answer 23

freshwater, saltwater, and soil

Question 24

How do algae get nutrients?

Answer 24

photosynthesis

Question 25

how do algae reproduce?

Answer 25

sexually or asexually

Question 26

What is a virus?

Answer 26

parasitic, acellular, consists of only DNA or RNA core

Question 27

How does a virus reproduce?

Answer 27

Can only replicate in a living host cell, they are inert outside living hosts

Question 28

What are the 3 domains of microorganisms based on cellular organization?

Answer 28

• bacteria
• archaea
• eukarya

Question 29

Which microbes are unicellular? Which can be both?

Answer 29

bacteria, protozoa, archaea
fungi, algae