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MICR 130 > L1 CHP 1 - microbial world and you > Flashcards

L1 CHP 1 - microbial world and you Flashcards

1
Q

Who reported that “living things are composed of little boxes, or cells?” What did this mark the beginning of?

A

Robert Hooke, 1665, marked the beginning of cell theory

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2
Q

Who observed the first microbe? When was it discovered?

A

Leeuwenhock, mid 1600s, “animalcules”

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3
Q

What is spontaneous generation?

A

the hypothesis that life arises from nonliving matter; a “vital force” is necessary for life

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4
Q

What is Biogenesis?

A

the hypothesis that living cells arise only from pre-existing living cells

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5
Q

When and What did Redi experiment and prove?

A

In 1668 Redi filled jars w/ decaying meat to prove life did not rise from nonlife

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6
Q

Who tried to experiment and support spontaneous generation?

A

In 1765 Spallanzani boiled nutrient solutions in a sealed flask, no growth of microbes

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7
Q

Who proved that microorganisms can be present in non living matter?

A

Louis Pasteur

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8
Q

When did Pasteur prove his theory?

A

1861

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9
Q

What did Pasteur provide/demonstrate/prove?

A
  • Proved that microorganisms can be present in nonliving matter
  • microbial life can be destroyed through heat
  • microbes are responsible for food spoilage
  • provides the basis for aseptic techniques
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10
Q

How long did the golden age of microbiology last?

A

1874-1914

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11
Q

What is Fermentation?

A

Microbial conversion of sugar to alcohol in the absence of air

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12
Q

Define “pasteurization”

A

application of a high heat for a short amount of time to kill harmful bacteria

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13
Q

What is the “germ theory of disease?”

A

The principle that microorganisms cause disease

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14
Q

When was the germ theory of disease first proved?

A

1835, when Bassi showed that a silkworm disease was caused by a fungus

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15
Q

How did pasteur show that microorganisms cause disease?

A

In 1865, Showed that another silkworm disease was caused by protozoa

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16
Q

What did Ignaz Semmelweis do?

A

1840s, Advocated hand washing to prevent transmission of puerperal fever from one to another

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17
Q

Who produced the first vaccine?

A

Edward Jenner

18
Q

When and how did Jenner create a vaccine?

A

inoculated a person with cowpox virus, who was then immune to smallpox

19
Q

What is chemotherapy?

A

treatment of disease with chemicals

20
Q

What are synthetic drugs used for?

A

to treat infectious disease

21
Q

What are antibiotics?

A

chemicals produced by bacteria and fungi that inhibit or kill other microbes

22
Q

Who and when was the first antibiotic discovered?

A

1928, Alexander Fleming

23
Q

How did Fleming discover the first antibiotic?

A

observed that Penicillium fungus made an antiobiotic called peniccilin, that killed S. auereus (staph)

24
Q

What are some problems with Antimicrobial chemicals?

A
  • overuse leads to resistance
  • some can be toxic to humans
25
Q

What is bacteriology?

A

the study of bacteria

26
Q

Define Mycology

A

study of fungi

27
Q

Define parasitology

A

study of protozoa and parasitic worms

28
Q

What is Immunology?

A

Study of the immune system/ study of immunity

29
Q

Define Virology

A

study of viruses

30
Q

What is Microbial ecology?

A

the study of the relationship between microorganisms and their environment

31
Q

What is bioremediation?

A

Bacteria degrade or detoxify pollutants such as oil and mecury

32
Q

What are normal microbiota?

A

microbes normally present in and on the human body

33
Q

What do Normal Microbiota do?

A
  • prevent growth of pathogens
  • produce growth factors such as vitamins B and K
34
Q

What is resistance?

A

the ability of the body to ward off disease

35
Q

What are biofilms?

A

microbial community that usually forms as a slimy layer on a surface

36
Q

What does EID stand for?

A

Emerging Infectious Diseases

37
Q

What does EID mean?

A

new diseases and diseases increasing in incidence

38
Q

What is the Zika virus?

A

Discovered in 1947, epidemics in micronesia 07, french polynesia and brazil ‘13-‘15

39
Q

How was the zika virus spread?

A

infected aedes mosquitos, also sexual contact

40
Q

Who developed the classification of microbes?

A

Carl Woese, 1978

41
Q

what does the latin word vacca in vaccination mean?

A

cow

42
Q

What is microbial ecology?

A

study of the relationship between microorganisms and the environment

MICR 130 (12 decks)

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