Lecture 4 - Basic Tissues

Question 1

Intercellular Junctions - 4 main types?

Answer 1

Desmosomes
Hemidesmosomes
Tight Junctions
Gap Junctions

Question 2

Define INTERCELLULAR JUNCTIONS

Answer 2

Specialised areas of cell membrane that bind one cell to another

Question 3

Functions of Connective Tissue? (6 Examples)

Answer 3

Forms a structural framework for the body
Supports, surrounds and interconnects other cells
Defends body from microorganisms
Transports fluids and dissolved minerals
Protects delicate organs
Stores energy reserves

Question 4

What do ALL connective tissues consist of?

Answer 4

Cells with an extracellular matrix (which is mainly synthesised by fibroblasts)

Question 5

In connective tissue, what does the extracellular matrix consists of?

Answer 5

Ground Substance
Tissue (extracellular) fluid
Fibres (collagen, reticular and/or elastic)

Question 6

Loose Areolar (irregular) CT - structure?

Answer 6

Lots of ground substance
Few fibres (collagen and elastic)
Cells: fibroblasts, adipocytes, macrophages (transient)

Question 7

Where is loose (areolar) connective tissue found?

Answer 7

Underneath the epithelium that lines and covers the body’s surfaces

Question 8

Dense Irregular CT - structure?

Answer 8

Little ground substance
Many collagen fibre bundles (“arranged haphazardly”)
Few cells (mainly fibroblasts)

Question 9

Where is dense irregular connective tissue found?

Answer 9

In the dermis (of the skin) -> resists stretching and distension due to fibres

Question 10

Dense Regular CT - structure?

Answer 10

Little ground substance
Many densely packed collagen fibres (“arranged in parallel rows”)
Few cells (mainly fibroblasts)

Question 11

Where is dense regular connective tissue found?

Answer 11

In tendons and ligaments

Question 12

Three similarities between skeletal, smooth AND cardiac muscle?

Answer 12

All are elongated PARALLEL to axis of contraction
All contain numerous mitochondria
All consist of contractile elements

Question 13

Three functions of skeletal muscle

Answer 13

Moves and stabilises skeleton
Forms sphincters (digestive + urinary tracts)
Involved in respiration

Question 14

Where is simple squamous epithelium found?

Answer 14

In the blood vessels and alveoli

Question 15

Where is keratinised stratified squamous epithelium found?

Answer 15

In the skin (WATERPROOF!)

Question 16

Where is non-keratinised stratified squamous epithelium found?

Answer 16

In the oral cavity and oesophagus

Question 17

Where is simple cuboidal epithelium found?

Answer 17

In the glands and kidney tubules

Question 18

Where is simple columnar epithelium found?

Answer 18

In the gastrointestinal tract (microvilli)

Question 19

Where is Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar Epithelium with Goblet Cells found?

Answer 19

In the trachea (and large respiratory airways)

Question 20

Skeletal Muscle Structure (3 things)

Answer 20

• Striated
• Long cylindrical cells
• Multinucleated

Question 21

Smooth Muscle Structure (3 things)

Answer 21

• Non-striated
• Short, fusiform cells
• Single, centrally located nucleus

Question 22

Cardiac Muscle Structure (4 things)

Answer 22

• Striated
• Branched muscle fibres
• 1-2 central nuclei
• Intercalated Discs