Lecture 16 - Anatomy of the Respiratory Tract Flashcards
Name the 6 mentioned functional adaptations of the nose
Vibrissae (hairs); conchae (shelf-like projections for turbulence); mucosa; rich capillary network; olfactory mucosa; paranasal sinuses
Name the order of main structures in the Upper Respiratory Tract
Nose, Pharynx, Larynx
Name the order of main structures in the Lower Respiratory Tract
Trachea, Bronchi, Bronchioles, Alveoli
Where does the trachea extend from and to?
From the larynx to the carina
Describe the structure of the cartilage found in the trachea
15-20 horseshoe-shaped rings - the posterior ends are joined by trachealis muscles which constrict when coughing
Which type of epithelium lines the trachea?
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
What are the differences between the right and left primary bronchi?
Right is wider and more vertical than the left
What 3 histological trends exist along the bronchial tree?
Amount of cartilage decreases, amount of smooth muscle INcreases, height of epithelial cells decrease
Describe the structure of the bronchioles
No cartilage, smooth muscle (so can constrict and dilate)
What type of epithelium is found in the terminal bronchioles?
Simple columnar epithelium with cilia
What type of epithelium is found in the respiratory bronchioles?
Simple cuboidal epithelium
Which cells in the terminal bronchioles produce surfactant?
Clara cells
What are Type I and Type II alveolar cells?
Type I: simple squamous epithelium (form wall of alveolus)
Type II: produce surfactant
What are the two functional portions of the tract, and where is the boundary between them?
Conductive portion: up to terminal bronchioles
Respiratory portion: respiratory bronchioles -> alveolar ducts, sacs and alveoli
