Lecture 4 - Antibody basics Flashcards

1
Q

Immunogen

A

A substance which stimulates a specific immune response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Antigen

A

A substance which is the target of an immune response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Antibody

A

A serum protein that binds to antigens, made by B lymphocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Determinant or epitope

A

Antibody binding-site on antigen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Three most common antigens on influenza virus

A

Haemagglutinin
Neuraminadase
M2 ion channel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Does any antigen binding on a BCR stimulate the B cell?

A

Not necessarily

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the requirement of antigen binding on BCR to stimulate the B cell?

A

BCR clustering and oligeromisation is required.

This is achieved when many antigens are bound to a carrie, causing them to be close together.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Can parts of an antigen or antigen-binding site be changed?

A

Yes, if the change is minor.

EG: Changing an uncharged amino acid for another uncharged amino acid might have little effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Example of a hapten

A

Dinitrophenyl

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is a hapten?

A

Small, organic molecule that is attachable to larger structure.
Is not immunogenic by itself, but stimulates immune response when bound to a carrier.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Common hapten structure

A

Polyamino acid

Poly-lysine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is a carrier?

A

Usually a protein
Minimum size required for crosslinking of BCR, T cell antigens
Haptens bind to carrier
Necessary for an adaptive immune response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What must a hapten do to stimulate an immune response?

A

Be covalently linked to a carrier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q
Interactions involved in antibody binding
1)
2)
3)
4)
A

1) Electrostatic
2) Hydrogen bonding
3) Hydrophobic/hydrophilic
4) Van der Waals forces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Difference between linear and conformational epitopes

A

Conformational recognition dependent on epitope being in native conformation.
Conformational can only be recognised by antibodies

Linear epitopes can be recognised in denatured proteins.
Linear epitopes recognisable by both antibodies and TCR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Three main types of antibodies against an immunogen

A

1) Anti-hapten
2) Anti-carrier
3) Anti-hapten/carrier complex

17
Q

Way to strengthen anti-hapten response

A

Immunise first with hapten/carrier complex.

Immunise after with same hapten, complexed to a different carrier.

18
Q

What is antisera?

A

Blood depleted of red blood cells

Contains multiple antibody types

19
Q

When is cross-reactivity possible?

A

When an epitope is conserved

20
Q

What is serology?

A

Using antibodies to determine structural relatedness of antigens

21
Q

What are the limitations of TCR recognition?

A

Can only recognise linear, peptide epitopes