Lecture 4: ANATOMY OF THE HEART, PART 1 Flashcards
What is the cardiovascular system made up of?
Organs
What organs is the cardiovascular system made up of?
The heart, arteries, veins/lymphatics and capillaries
What is the role of the heart?
Pump
What is the role of the arteries?
Supply
What is the role of the veins/lymphatics?
Drainage
What is the role of the capillaries?
Exchange
What are the organs made up of?
Vascular tissue
What is vascular tissue made up of?
Connective tissues and cells
What do the cells consist of?
Epithelia and muscle
What do veins do?
Carry blood away from the capillaries
What do capillaries do?
They are thin and exchange nutrients and gases in the blood to the target tissues
What systems make up the cardiovascular system?
The blood vascular system and the lymphatic (vascular) system
How is the blood vascular system described?
A closed supply and drainage system (continuous loop)
How is the lymphatic (vascular) system described?
An open entry drainage system (one way)
What are the two circulations in the blood and lymph vascular systems?
The pulmonary circulation and the systemic circulation
What happens in the pulmonary circulation?
The right side of the heart receives deoxygenated blood from the body and pumps it to the lungs for reoxygenation
What happens in the systemic circulation?
The left side of the heart receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it to the rest of the body
What happens with lymph?
Lymph which has left the capillaries and accumulated goes into the lymphatics and is returned to the vascular system. It passes lymph nodes which air present for immune surveillance
What is the supply path?
Arteries only
Where are major arteries situated?
To avoid damage (deep in the trunk, on flexor aspects of the limbs)
What do important structures often receive?
Supply from two sources - two separate arteries (hands and brain)
When do arteries change their name?
At each major branch
What is found in the exchange network?
Capillaries of varying degrees of permeability
What are the three types of capillaries?
Continuous, fenestrated and sinusoidal
How permeable are continuous capillaries?
Controlled (tight)
How permeable are fenestrated capillaries?
Leaky
How permeable are sinusoidal capillaries?
Very leaky
What are the 3 pathways for drainage?
Deep veins, superficial veins and lymphatics
What do deep veins typically have the same name as?
Arteries beside them
Where are superficial veins found?
Just below the dermis
How do veins pump blood?
At low pressure and low velocity
How do arteries pump blood?
At high pressure and high velocity
How does the cross-sectional area of veins and arteries compare?
The cross-sectional area of veins is at least twice that of arteries