Lecture 34: MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM 1 Flashcards
How does the reproductive system compare between males and females?
It differs greatly
What are gonads?
Organs where gametes (sex cells) are produced
What are the female gonads?
Ovary which produce oocytes
What are the male gonads?
Testes which produce spermatozoa
What does genitalia allow for?
Coitus so that gametes can fuse to from an embryo (fertilisation)
What is the pelvis?
The bony basin between trunk and lower limbs
What is the pelvis made up of?
Hip bones (ilium and ischium), sacrum and coccyx
How is the pelvic inlet?
Open (within pelvic brim)
How is the pelvic outlet?
Closed by muscles (ischial tuberosity and coccyx)
What is always bigger?
The inlet is always bigger than the outlet
What are the two pelvic subdivisions?
False/greater pelvis and true/lesser pelvis
What is the false/ greater pelvis?
Superior region found above the pelvic inlet which contains the GI tract
What is the true/lesser pelvis?
Inferior region between inlet and outlet which contains internal reproductive organs
How does the subpubic angle compare in males and females?
Broader in females (greater than or equal to 100 degrees) compared to males which is narrower (less than 90 degrees)
How does the pelvic inlet compare in males and females?
Oval in female and heart shaped in male
How does the coccyx compare in males and females?
Straighter in females and curved in males
What does the pelvic floor (pelvic diaphragm) do?
Closes over the pelvic outlet
What are the muscles of the pelvic floor (pelvic diaphragm)?
levator ani and coccygeus
What are the openings in the pelvic floor?
Urethra, anal canal and vagina (females)
What is the male perineum?
The region inferior to the pelvic floor and between the upper region of the thighs
What does the male perineum include?
External genitalia and anus
What are the divisions of the perineum?
Urogenital triangle and anal triangle
Which triangle is anterior?
Urogenital triangle
What is found in the urogenital triangle?
Urethral opening and external genitalia
Which triangle is posterior?
Anal triangle
What is found in the anal triangle?
Anal canal and fat
What is the functions of the male reproductive system?
To produce spermatozoa (sperm/male gamete) and transport spermatozoa into the female reproductive tract
What is the male reproductive system made up of?
testes (male gonad), reproductive tract/duct, accessory structures and glands
What is the male reproductive tract?
The path that sperm travel along
What does the male reproductive tract include?
Testes, epididymis, ductus (vas) deferens, ejaculatory duct and urethra
What does the scrotum contain?
two testes, two epididymides and two spermatic cords (with part of ductus deferens)
What do the testes produce?
Sperm, testosterone and inhibin
Where do the testes lie?
In the scrotum- outside the body
What is the testes surrounded by?
A dense fibrous capsule - tunica albuginea
What do the testes have?
Lobules containing seminiferous tubules
What is the site of spermatogenesis?
Seminiferous tubules
What do the tubules do?
Join to form rete testis
What do the rete testis do?
Join to form ductules leading to the epididymis
What do interstitial endocrine (leydig) cells do?
Produce testosterone
What do nurse (sertoli) cells do?
Produce inhibin
What do spermatogenic cells have?
Spermatogonia and spermatozoa at various stages of development
What are the cell types in the seminiferous tubules?
Interstitial endocrine (leydig), nurse (sertoli) and spermatogenic
What are the regions of the epididymis?
Head, body and tail
Where does the sperm enter the epididymis from?
The seminiferous tubules
Where does the sperm exit the epididymis?
Via ductus deferens
What is the site of sperm maturation?
Epididymis
What is the ductus deferens also known as?
Vas deferens
What does the ductus deferens continue from?
The epididymis
Where does the ductus deferens start?
In the spermatic cord
What is the ductus deferens covered in?
Smooth muscle
Where does the ductus deferens run?
Behind the urinary bladder (superior and posterior)
What does the ductus deferens dilate to form?
The ampulla
What is the ejaculatory duct formed by?
The union of the duct from the seminal vesicle and the ampulla
What does the ejaculatory duct open into?
The prostatic urethra
What are the functions of the male urethra?
Urination and ejaculation
What is the internal urinary sphincter?
Detrusor muscle
What does the internal urinary sphincter do?
Closes bladder ensuring sperm are ejaculated through the urethra
What is retrograde ejaculation?
Internal urinary sphincter doesn’t close therefore sperm ends up in the bladder
