Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

HUBS192 Melia > Lecture 14: OVERVIEW AND UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT > Flashcards

Lecture 14: OVERVIEW AND UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT Flashcards

1
Q

What is the respiratory system?

A

Connected organs and structures that function to conduct warm, clean, moist air into close proximity with blood fo the circulatory system for gas exchange

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the key characteristics of air?

A

Warm, clean and moist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does the respiratory system need to be effective?

A

A surface for gas exchange, a path for air to flow to reach the gas exchange surface in optimal condition, ability to draw breath in and out, plus produce sound (voice) and olfaction (smell)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What happens at the surface for gas exchange?

A

Blood and air come close together but are separated (don’t mix)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the main components of the respiratory system?

A

Upper respiratory tract, lower respiratory tract plus thoracic cavity, joints and respiratory muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the regions of the respiratory system?

A

Conducting region, respiratory region, oral cavity and nasal cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where is the conducting region?

A

From the nose to the bronchioles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does the conducting region do?

A

Ensures air is warm, clean and moist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Where is the respiratory region?

A

Alveoli deep in the lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the respiratory region the site of?

A

Gas exchange

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the oral cavity?

A

Passage for air and food= different cellular structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the nasal cavity for?

A

Olfaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where is mucosa found?

A

Lining most hollow body organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is mucosa?

A

Epithelia attached via a basement membrane to the lamina propria (connective tissue and glands)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is below the mucosa?

A

Usually the submucosal layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does the submucosal layer contain?

A

Depending on the region may contain many glands, also connective tissue and blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the respiratory tract lined with?

A

Mucosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What changes along the respiratory tract?

A

The epithelia to reflect function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the epithelia of most of the conducting region?

A

Respiratory epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the epithelia where air and food travel?

A

Stratified squamous for protection against abrasion like in skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the epithelia at sites of gas exchange?

A

Simple squamous so it is thin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the epithelia at the olfaction?

A

Olfactory mucosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is respiratory epithelium?

A

Pseudostratified, ciliated, columnar epithelium (with goblet cells)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is pseudo stratified?

A

Fake layering where all cells touch the basement membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Where are cilia found?

A

On the apical surface of cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

WHere is respiratory epithelium found?

A

In the nasal cavity, parts of the pharynx, larynx, trachea and bronchi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What do goblet cells do?

A

produce mucus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What does mucus do?

A

Traps debris, cleans and moistens air

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What do ciliated cells do?

A

Patterned movement pushes mucus to the pharynx. It is then swallowed and digested by stomach acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What are the components of the URT?

A

Nose and nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses and pharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is the components of the pharynx?

A

Nasopharynx, oropharynx and laryngopharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What is the function of the URT?

A

A conducting passage (not only for air) which prepares air for the respiratory membrane (gas exchange)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What are paranasal sinuses?

A

Resonating chambers for speech

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What is olfaction?

A

Sensory receptors for smell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What is the nose?

A

The primary passageway for air

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What is the secondary passageway for air?

A

The mouth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What is the nose made of?

A

Cartilage and bone

38
Q

What is the cartilage of the nose?

A

Soft and flexible, maintains a patent (open and unobstructed) airway

39
Q

What are the bones of the nose?

A

2 nasal bones on the bridge of the nose

40
Q

What are nostrils?

A

External anterior nares

41
Q

What is part of the nose?

A

Vestibule

42
Q

What is the vestibule lined with?

A

Skin

43
Q

Wha does the vestibule have?

A

Sebaceous glands, sweat glands and hair follicles

44
Q

What are the hairs in the vestibule?

A

Vibrissiae

45
Q

What do vibrissiae do?

A

Filter inhaled air (remove big particles)

46
Q

What divides the nasal complex in half?

A

The nasal septum in the midline

47
Q

What is the anterior of the nasal complex?

A

Cartilage

48
Q

What is the posterior of the nasal complex?

A

Bone

49
Q

Where do the internal posterior nares open into?

A

The nasal pathway

50
Q

What is the roof of the nasal complex cavity formed by?

A

Ethmoid and sphenoid bones

51
Q

What is the floor of the nasal complex cavity formed by?

A

Hard and soft palates

52
Q

What is on the lateral walls of the nasal complex?

A

Conchae

53
Q

How many conchae are there?

A

3

54
Q

What are the names of the conchae?

A

Superior, middle and inferior conchae (turbinates)

55
Q

What are conchae covered by?

A

Respiratory epithelium

56
Q

What do conchae do?

A

Swirl inspired air

57
Q

What do particles do at the conchae?

A

Stick to the mucosa

58
Q

What does the conchae give more time for?

A

Warming and humidifying fo air, plus olfactory detection

59
Q

What is the nasal epithelium?

A

Mostly respiratory epithelium plus area of olfactory mucosa

60
Q

What does the area on the roof of the nasal cavity contain?

A

Smell (olfactory) receptors which is sent along olfactory nerve fibres

61
Q

What does the epithelium of the nasal mucosa sit on?

A

Lamina propria (connective tissue layer)

62
Q

What does the nasal mucosa contain?

A

A plexus (network) of thin walled veins

63
Q

What does the nasal mucosa help?

A

Warm incoming air (radiation)

64
Q

What happens when air temperature drops?

A

Vascular plexus dilates meaning there is greater heat transfer

65
Q

Where do nose bleeds normally originate?

A

from damage of the nasal mucosa

66
Q

what is sinus?

A

A cavity within a bone (normally air filled)

67
Q

What is paranasal?

A

Surrounding the nose

68
Q

Where are paranasal sinuses found?

A

Within frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid and maxillary bones

69
Q

What is the paranasal sinuses lined with?

A

Respiratory mucose

70
Q

Where do the paranasal sinuses drain into?

A

The pharynx

71
Q

what is the functions of the paranasal sinus?

A

Lighten skull, increase surface area to clean, warm and moisten air, sound resonance (amplifies voice)

72
Q

What can infected mucus in the paranasal sinus do?

A

Block drainage causing blocked sinuses

73
Q

What is the pharynx?

A

Muscular funnel shaped tube shared by the respiratory and digestive system

74
Q

What is the pharynx commonly called?

A

The throat

75
Q

What is the nasopharynx a passage for?

A

Air only so has respiratory mucosa

76
Q

Where is the nasopharynx found?

A

Posterior to the nasal cavity

77
Q

Where does the nasopharynx go from?

A

Posterior nares to the soft palate

78
Q

What do the soft palate and uvula do?

A

Block the nasopharynx during swallowing to prevent food entering the nasal cavity

79
Q

What do auditory do?

A

Drain mucus to the nasopharynx from the middle air and also have a role in equalising pressure

80
Q

What tonsils are in the nasopharynx?

A

Pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids) on the posterior wall

81
Q

What is the oropharynx a passage for?

A

Air and food

82
Q

What is the epithelium of the oropharynx?

A

Stratified squamous which protects against abrasion

83
Q

Where is the oropharynx?

A

Posterior to the oral cavity

84
Q

Where does the oropharynx go from?

A

The soft palate to the hyoid bone

85
Q

What tonsils are in the oropharynx?

A

The palatine (lateral) and lingual (beneath the tongue)

86
Q

What is the laryngopharynx a passage for?

A

Air and food

87
Q

What is the epithelium of the laryngopharynx?

A

Stratified squamous which protects against abrasion

88
Q

Where does the laryngopharynx go from?

A

Hyoid bone to opening of the larynx/beginning of the oesophagus

89
Q

Where does the laryngopharynx end?

A

At a level where the respiratory and digestive tracts diverge

90
Q

What has right of way during swallowing?

A

Food

HUBS192 Melia (38 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions