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Neuro > Lecture 4 > Flashcards

Lecture 4 Flashcards

1
Q

I Olfactory nerve: function

A

sensory - smells

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2
Q

II Optic nerve: function

A

sensory - sees

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3
Q

III Oculomotor nerve: function

A

motor/parasympathetic - moves eyes, constricts pupils, accommodates

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4
Q

IV Trochlear nerve: function

A

motor - moves eyes

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5
Q

V Trigeminal nerve: function

A

motor/sensory - Chews and face sensation

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6
Q

VI Abducens nerve: function

A

motor - moves eyes

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7
Q

VII Facial nerve: function

A

motor/sensory/parasympathetic - move the face, salivates, cries, taste

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8
Q

VIII Vestibulocochlear nerve: function

A

sensory - hears, regulates balance

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9
Q

IX Glossopharyngeal nerve: function

A

motor/sensory/parasympathetic - swallows, salivates, tongue and pharynx feeling, tastes

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10
Q

X Vagus nerve: function

A

Motor/sensory/parasympathetic - swallows, lifts palate, talks, tastes, communications from thoracoabdominal viscera

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11
Q

XI Accessory nerve: function

A

Motor - turns head, lifts shoulders (spinal part)

Cranial Part: control elevation fo larynx during swallowing (some fibers get mixed in with vagus, very small function)

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12
Q

XII Hypoglossal nerve: function

A

Motor - moves tongue

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13
Q

the oculomotor nerve innervates all eye muscles except for?

A
  • superior oblique (trochlear)

- lateral rectus (abducens)

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14
Q

lower motor lesion of oculomotor nerve can cause:

A

IPSILATERAL

  • Lateral strabismus (pulled laterally because trochlear and abducens nerves still good)
  • which causes diplopia (two eye dont match up = double vision)
  • ptosis (eyelids drop)
  • pupil dilated (parasympathetic control doesnt work)
  • no accomodation
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15
Q

lower motor lesion to trochlear nerve can cause

A

IPSILATERAL

  • paralysis of superior oblique muscles (downward and lateraly)
    • results in medial and vertical strabismus, diplopia, and weakness of downward gaze
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16
Q

lower motor lesion of abducen nerve can cause

A

IPSILATERAL

- paralysis of lateral rectus muscle –> medial stabismus, diplopia

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17
Q

what bundle of fibers plays a huge role in coordinating the muscles of the eye (inhibiting one to move on way while activating the other).
What nuclei does this structure connect?

A

Medial Longitudinal fasciculus (MLF)
- connects the nuclei of CN III, IV, VI, VIII
(oculomotor, trochlear, abducens, vestibulocochlear)

18
Q

the medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF) is involved in what reflexes?

A

visual and vestibulo-ocular reflexes

19
Q

where does the medial longitudinal fasciculus run to and from?

A

superior medulla (vestibular nuclei) to superior brainstem (oculomotor nuclei)

20
Q

LMN lesion of accessory nerve can result in ?

A

IPSILATERAL

  • weakness of sternocleidomastoid - hard to turn head to side contralateral of lesion
  • weakness of trapezius making it hard to elevate ipsilateral shoulder
21
Q

LMN lesion and upper motor lesion of hypoglossal nerve would cause what?

A

LMN: Ipsilateral paralysis of all tongue muscles –> deviation and atrophy to the affected side (strong side pushes it over)
UMN: affects only genioglossus muscle on contralateral side. tongue deviates to side opposite the lesion (to weak side)

22
Q

lesions to sensory paths of trigeminal nerve can lead to what?

A
  • anesthesia and loss of sensation

- Trigeminal neuralgia: severe stabbing pain of the face

23
Q

Trigeminal neuralgia

A

caused from random activation of the trigeminal nerve, usually from vessels or arteries tangling it. leads to stabbing pains in face

24
Q

motor lesions of trigeminal nerve?

A

UMNL: little effect

LMNL result in paralysis or weakness on ipsilateral side

25
Q

lesion to the facial nerve could cause? (UMN/ LMN)

A

UMN: upper face movement not affected (bilateral innervation), lower face paralyzed or weak on contralateral side of lesion
LMN: weakness or paralysis on ipsilateral side of face

26
Q

taste is considered a ___________ sensation

A

parasympathetic

27
Q

we have emotional control of the facial muscles via the ?

A

reticular formation

28
Q

what are the possible symptoms of bells palsy?

what cranial nerve lesion is this associated with?

A
  • facial nerve
  • droopy eyelid, dry eye, or excessive tears
  • facial paralysis, twitching, or weakness
  • drooping corner of mouth, dry mouth, impaired taste
  • -> all on ONE SIDE
29
Q

what 2 cranial nerves are involved in salivation?

A

glossopharyngeal ad facial nerve

30
Q

Lesion to glossopharyngeal nerve may lead to?

A
  • loss of sensation from the pharynx
  • loss of gag reflex
  • loss of taste from posterior third of tongue
31
Q

damage of soley the glossopharyngeal nerve is rare, it also usually includes what nerve?

A

vagus nerve

32
Q

Lesion of the vagus nerve can result in?

A

UMNL: little effect
LMNL:
- weakness of the ipsilateral pharyngeal and laryngeal muscles
- see arch of soft palate drooping on ipsilateral side
- uvula deviates to the contralateral side
- hoarse voice (dysphonia)
- difficulty swallowing (dysphagia

Parasympathetic:

  • loss of cough reflex
  • loss of gag reflex
  • irregular rapid heart beat (tachycardia)
  • difficulty breathing (dyspnea)
33
Q

some branches of the olfactory nerve goes where?

A

the amygdala,

smell has a strong emotional association

34
Q

lesion to olfactory nerve can result in ?

A
  • loss of smell = anosmia

ipsilateral (test each nostril)

35
Q

damage to what part of the olfactory cortex can cause olfactory hallucinations?

A

inferior temporal lobe

36
Q

two injuries that can cause anosmia

A
  • Skull fracture in the area of the anterior cranial fossa can
    cause tearing of fibers (olfactory)
  • Frontal lobe tumours can cause ipsilateral anosmia
37
Q

why do you test pupils for brain injury?

A
  • dont have to be conscious for reflex
  • oculomotor nerve will be pressed on if you have
    swelling in the brain so you can check how much swelling by
    if the pupillary light reflex is present or not
38
Q

the oculomotor nucleus also recieves axons from what two structures?

A
  • superior colliculus for visual reflexes

- medial longitudinal fasiculus which connects nuclei of 3, 4, 6, 8 (oculomotor, trochlear, abducens, vestibulocochlear)

39
Q

blindness in one eye

A

monocular blindness

40
Q

blindness of temporal visual field of both eyes

A

bitemporal hemianopia

41
Q

blindness of nasal field of one eye

A

right/ left nasal hemianopia

42
Q

blindness of a full visual field (both eyes)

A

homonyous hemianopia

Neuro (10 decks)

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