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personality lectures > lecture 4 > Flashcards

lecture 4 Flashcards

1
Q

what is narrative identity?

A

third and broadest level of personality

how individual define themselves through their life story

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2
Q

who proposed narrative identity?

A

McAdams, 1996

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3
Q

which assumptions are narrative identity based off?

A

selfhood is not given (it is made)

the self develops over time

people seek temporal coherence in their self

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4
Q

what is the integrative theory of personality?

A

3 levels: traits, personal concerns, narrative identity

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5
Q

what are traits?

A

dispositional aspects of personality

stable across lifespan and situations

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6
Q

what are personal concerns?

A

individual differences between people

contextualised

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7
Q

how do we measure narrative identity?

A

life story interview

participant tells their life story- what is meaningful to them

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8
Q

how do we code the life story interview?

A

code for 5 common dimensions

McAdams and McLean, 2013

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9
Q

what are the variables the life story interview codes for?

A

agency
communion
redemption
contamination
meaning making

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10
Q

what is agency?

A

the control people feel they have over a situation

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11
Q

what is communion?

A

the quality of relationships people have

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12
Q

what is redemption?

A

something good coming out of a bad situation

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13
Q

what is contamination?

A

expecting a situation to be good but something bad ends up happening

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14
Q

what is meaning making?

A

subjective interpretation of a situation

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15
Q

what is contextualised narrative identity?

A

averaging constructs across specific life domains which people think are meaningful

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16
Q

what are the aspects of inter rater reliability?

A

defined coding schemes= go in looking for something specific

training with example narratives= make sure people interpret informatoin in the same way

multiple coders, often blind to the hypotheses

inter rater reliability statistics to examine the consistency across coders

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17
Q

who investigated the structure of narrative identity?

A

McLean et al, 2020

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18
Q

what did McLean et al 2020 do to investigate the structure of narrative identity?

A

found 3 dimensions that make up narrative identity

structure
autobiographical reasoning
affective and motivational

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19
Q

what is autobiographical reasoning?

A

reflection of events
how people attach meaning to their identity

20
Q

what is structure?

A

does it provide a coherent construct

21
Q

what is affective and motivational?

A

emotions determine how we interpret events

22
Q

who investigated redemption in narrative identity?

A

McAdams et al, 2001

23
Q

how did McAdams et al 2021 investigate redemption in narrative identity?

A

used two samples in different life stages

mid life adults completed the Life Story Interview

undergraduate students produced a written Life Story Interview

coded for redemption and contamination in life scenes

answered questionnaires on current wellbeing

24
Q

what did McAdams et al 2021 find out about redemption in narrative identity?

A

more redemption= more satisfaction with life, less depression

more contamination= less satisfaction with life, more depression

25
Q

who used a longitudnal design to investigate redemption in narrative identity?

A

Alder et al, 2015

26
Q

how did Alder et al 2015 investigate narrative identity?

A

investigated whether narrative identity is associated with wellbeing over time

mid life participants were sampled from a study which included the Life Story Interview

were asked if they had experienced a personal health challenge

chose 4 life scenes, and each of these was coded

27
Q

what life scenes were selected for Alder’s 2015 study?

A

high point

low point

personal health challenge

turning point

28
Q

what was each life scene coded for in Alder’s 2015 study?

A

agency
communion
redemption
contamination

29
Q

what did Alder et al 2015 conclude about the effect of narrative identity on wellbeing?

A

no significant difference in physical health for narrative identity, but did impact mental health

30
Q

what was the effect of agency and redemption on mental health?

A

positive

31
Q

what was the effect of contamination on mental health?

A

negative

32
Q

what second study did Alder et al 2015 do to assess the impact of narrative identity on mental health?

A

studied whether the findings still hold in a prospective investigation after a negative health experience

54 participants from an existing longitudnal study: half got a major illness diagnosis during the time of the study

completed the life story interview

33
Q

what were the results of Alder’s et al 2015 second study?

A

illness group showed poorer trajectories in physical, but not mental health, compared to the control group

34
Q

who investigated redemptive narrative in alcoholics?

A

Dunlop and Tracy, 2013

35
Q

what did Dunlop and Tracy find out about the redemptive narrative?

A

investigated whether redemptive narrative precedes behavioural change in recovering alcoholics

44 participants

divided into redemption narrative and non-redemption narrative groups

36
Q

what were the two waves in Dunlop and Tracy’s redemptive study?

A

wave 1: narrative about their last drink, questionnaires about health/personality/months of sobriety

wave 2: 4 months later, participants were re-administered the same questionnaires

37
Q

what were the results of Dunlop and Tracy’s study on the redemptive narrative?

A

redemption signficantly predicted sobriety

health of participants in the redemption group significantly improved from wave 1 to wave 2

38
Q

who investigated the changes to narrative identity due to psychotherapy?

A

Alder 2012

39
Q

how did Alder 2012 investigate the changes in narrative identity after psychotherapy?

A

examined changes in narrative identity across psychotherapy

narrative account of the therapeutic process before and after each session

coded for agency and coherence

mental health questionnaires assessed before and after sessions

40
Q

what were Alder’s 2012 findings when investigating the changes to narrative identity?

A

agency increased

no changes to coherence

increased agency was positively associated with increases in mental health

41
Q

what is the incremental validity of narrative identity?

A

whether individual differences in narrative identity predict outcomes when we account for dispositional traits/individual differences

does narrative identity provide us with more information than if we just looked at traits

42
Q

who reviewed the research on narrative identity?

A

Alder et al, 2016

43
Q

what did Alder et al find out about the incremental validity of narrative identity?

A

reviewed 30 papers

examined narrative identity but controlled for individual differences

strong evidence- affective and motivational improved wellbeing

strong evidence- autobiographical reasoning improved wellbeing

little evidence available for structure

44
Q

what is the incremental validity of Alder et al’ 2012s studies?

A

found that neuroticism decreased after psychotherapy

which predicted mental health, but narrative agency remained a predictor of mental health

45
Q

what is the incremental validity of Dunlop and Tracy’s 2013 studies?

A

redemption predicted sobriety behaviour, even controlling for traits

personality lectures (9 decks)

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