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Block 2: Histology (Alternate) > Lecture 4 > Flashcards

Lecture 4 Flashcards

1
Q

(Eye - Layers and Structures)
Eye?

A

Photosensory organ and responsible for vision
(functions = regulation of entering light –> conversion into neural impulses)

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2
Q

(Eye - Layers and Structures)
Eye Layers?

A

-Outer Layer = fibrous (CT)
-Middle Layer = vascular (and pigmented)
-Inner Layer = retina

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3
Q

(Eye - Layers and Structures)
Front to Back?

A

Cornea –> Lens –> Retina –> Optic Nerve –> Brain

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4
Q

(Eye - Layers and Structures)
Outer Layer?

A

Fibrous (CT)
-Cornea (covers outer anterior surface)
-Sclera (covers outer posterior surface)

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5
Q

(Eye - Layers and Structures)
Middle Layer?

A

Vascular (and pigmented)
-Iris (gives eye its color)
-Ciliary Body (connects to lens for fine focusing)
-Choroid (loose CT lining inside (beneath sclera))

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6
Q

(Eye - Layers and Structures)
Inner Layer?

A

Retina
-Retinal Pigment Epithelium (outer layer of retina)
-Neural Retina (inner layer containing nerve cells)
-Fovea (macula) (area of greatest visual acuity)
-Optic Disk (blind spot; where optic nerve exits eye)

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7
Q

Eye - Chambers?

A

-Anterior Chamber (aqueous humor)
-Posterior Chamber (aqueous humor)
-Vitreous Chamber (vitreous (gelatinous) humor)

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8
Q

(Eye - Chambers)
Anterior Chamber?

A

(Aqueous Humor)
-Posterior to cornea
-Anterior to iris + lens

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9
Q

(Eye - Chambers)
Posterior Chamber?

A

(Aqueous Humor)
-Posterior to iris
-Anterior lens + ciliary body

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10
Q

(Eye - Chambers)
Vitreous Chamber?

A

(Vitreous (gelatinous) Humor)
-Posterior to lens + ciliary body
-Anterior to retina

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11
Q

(Eye - Chambers)
Aqueous Humor is produced by?

A

Ciliary Body

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12
Q

(Outer Eye - Cornea)
Consists of 5 Layers?

A

(Superficial to Deep)
-Cornea Epithelium
-Bowman’s (membrane) Layer
-Stroma
-Descemet’s (membrane) Layer
-Cornea Endothelium

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13
Q

(Outer Eye - Cornea)
Cornea Epithelium?

A

(Superficial)
(1st)
Stratified squamous epithelium (non-keratinized)

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14
Q

(Outer Eye - Cornea)
Bowman’s (membrane) Layer?

A

(2nd)
Basement Membrane of Epithelium

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15
Q

(Outer Eye - Cornea)
Stroma?

A

(3rd)
Dense regular CT underlying Basement Membrane

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16
Q

(Outer Eye - Cornea)
Descemet’s (membrane) Layer?

A

(4th)
Basement Membrane of Endothelium

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17
Q

(Outer Eye - Cornea)
Cornea Endothelium?

A

(Deep)
(5th)
Simple Squamous Epithelium

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18
Q

(Outer Eye - Cornea)
Function of Cornea?

A

~75% of light focusing onto retina

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19
Q

Middle Eye - Structures?

A

-Choroid
-Ciliary Body
-Iris

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20
Q

(Middle Eye - Structures)
Choroid?

A

Vascularized + Pigmented Loose CT

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21
Q

(Middle Eye - Structures)
Ciliary Body?

A

Smooth Muscle Cells
-Produced aqueous humor –> anterior + posterior chambers
-Zonule fibers attach ciliary body to lens
-Ciliary muscle contracts –> zone fibers relax –> lens thickens (allows for near-sightedness)

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22
Q

(Middle Eye - Structures)
(Ciliary Body)
Function of Ciliary Body?

A

Fine focus of lens via parasympathetic innervation

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23
Q

(Middle Eye - Structures)
(Ciliary Body)
Ciliary Muscle contracts –> ?

A

Zone Fibers relax –> lens thickens
(allows for near-sightedness)

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24
Q

(Middle Eye - Structures)
Iris?

A

Pigmented loose CT + smooth muscle cells

25
Q

(Middle Eye - Structures)
(Iris)
Function of Iris?

A

Regulation of light entering eye

26
Q

(Middle Eye - Structures)
(Iris)
Dilator Pupillae contracts –> ?

A

Pupil enlarges –> more light
(via sympathetic innervation)

27
Q

(Middle Eye - Structures)
(Iris)
Constrictor Pupillae contracts –> ?

A

Pupil shrinks –> less light
(via parasympathetic innervation)

28
Q

Middle Eye - Lens?

A

Biconvex lens responsible for ~25% of light focusing onto retina

29
Q

(Middle Eye - Lens)
Lens Layers?

A

(Outer to Inner)
-Outer Layer (Capsule)
-Subcapsular Layer
-Inner Layer

30
Q

(Middle Eye - Lens)
(Lens Layers)
Outer Layer?

A

(Capsule)
Basement Membrane

31
Q

(Middle Eye - Lens)
(Lens Layers)
Subcapsular Layer?

A

(Middle)
Simple Cuboidal –> Columnar Epithelium

32
Q

(Middle Eye - Lens)
(Lens Layers)
Inner Layer?

A

Lens Fibers
(size based on tension of zone fibers located of ciliary body)

33
Q

(Middle Eye - Lens)
(Clinical Note)
Opacities in Lens?

A

Cataracts which can be treated via lens transplant

34
Q

(Inner Eye - Retina)
Consists of 10 Layers?

A

(Vitreous body to Choroid)
-Inner Limiting Membrane (innermost layer)
-Ganglion cell axons
-Ganglion cell bodies
-Inner Synaptic (Plexiform) Layer
-Inner Nuclear Layer
-Outer Synaptic (Plexiform) Layer
-Outer Nuclear Layer
-Outer Limiting Membrane
-Rods + Cones
-Retinal Pigment Epithelium (outermost layer)

35
Q

(Inner Eye - Retina)
Inner Limiting Membrane?

A

(1st)
Innermost Layer

36
Q

(Inner Eye - Retina)
Ganglion Cell Axons?

A

(2nd)
Optic Nerve fibers from ganglion cells

37
Q

(Inner Eye - Retina)
Ganglion Cell Bodies?

A

(3rd)
Large multipolar neurons

38
Q

(Inner Eye - Retina)
Inner Synaptic (Plexiform) Layer?

A

4th

39
Q

(Inner Eye - Retina)
Inner Nuclear Layer?

A

(5th)
Photoreceptor cells = muller, amacrine, bipolar, horizontal cells

40
Q

(Inner Eye - Retina)
Outer Synaptic (Plexiform) Layer?

A

6th

41
Q

(Inner Eye - Retina)
Outer Nuclear Layer?

A

7th

42
Q

(Inner Eye - Retina)
Outer Limiting Membrane?

A

8th

43
Q

(Inner Eye - Retina)
Rods + Cones?

A

(9th)
-Rods (contain rhodopsin –> detect light/dark)
-Cones (contain iodopsin –> detect color (red/green/blue))

44
Q

(Inner Eye - Retina)
Retinal Pigment Epithelium?

A

(10th)
(Outermost Layer)
-Absorbs excess light + phagocytizes discs from rods + cones
-Retinal detachment = separation of neural retina from epithelium

45
Q

(Inner Eye - Retina)
Light enters eye?

A

Gets focused on inner limiting membrane
(travels through retinal layers to reach rods + cones)

46
Q

(Inner Eye - Retina)
Nuclear Layers = ?

A

Nuclei of Cells

47
Q

Inner Eye - Misc. Structures?

A

-Fovea (macula)
-Optic Disk
-Ora Serrata

48
Q

(Inner Eye - Misc. Structures)
Fovea?

A

(Macula)
(spot in back of retina)
-Site of greatest visual acuity
-Contains only cones –> color vision

49
Q

(Inner Eye - Misc. Structures)
Optic Disk?

A

(blind spot in back of retina)
-Site where optic nerve fibers travel
-Contains NO photoreceptor cells

50
Q

(Inner Eye - Misc. Structures)
Ora Serrata?

A

(anterior border of retina)
-Site where photoreceptor cells are 1st observed

51
Q

(Inner Eye - Misc. Structures)
(Clinical Note)
Macula Degeneration?

A

Breakdown of fovea (macula) results in loss of center view
(however, peripheral view (vision) is still intact)

52
Q

Eyelid consists of?

A

-Outer Surface
-Inner Surface

53
Q

(Eyelid)
Outer Surface?

A

Thin Skin = Stratified Squamous Epithelium

54
Q

(Eyelid)
Loose CT contains Glandular Tissue?

A

-Zeis glands
-Meibomium glands
-Moll glands

55
Q

(Eyelid)
(Loose CT contains Glandular Tissue)
Zeis glands?

A

Sebaceous (oil) glands located at hair follicle (eyelashes)

56
Q

(Eyelid)
(Loose CT contains Glandular Tissue)
Meibomium glands?

A

Sebaceous (oil) glands

57
Q

(Eyelid)
(Loose CT contains Glandular Tissue)
Moll glands?

A

Apocrine sweat glands

58
Q

(Eyelid)
Inner Surface?

A

Stratified Columnar Epithelium + Goblet Cells

Block 2: Histology (Alternate) (8 decks)

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