Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Block 2: Histology (Alternate) > Lecture 4 > Flashcards

Lecture 4 Flashcards

1
Q

(Eye - Layers and Structures)
Eye?

A

Photosensory organ and responsible for vision
(functions = regulation of entering light –> conversion into neural impulses)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

(Eye - Layers and Structures)
Eye Layers?

A

-Outer Layer = fibrous (CT)
-Middle Layer = vascular (and pigmented)
-Inner Layer = retina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

(Eye - Layers and Structures)
Front to Back?

A

Cornea –> Lens –> Retina –> Optic Nerve –> Brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

(Eye - Layers and Structures)
Outer Layer?

A

Fibrous (CT)
-Cornea (covers outer anterior surface)
-Sclera (covers outer posterior surface)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

(Eye - Layers and Structures)
Middle Layer?

A

Vascular (and pigmented)
-Iris (gives eye its color)
-Ciliary Body (connects to lens for fine focusing)
-Choroid (loose CT lining inside (beneath sclera))

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

(Eye - Layers and Structures)
Inner Layer?

A

Retina
-Retinal Pigment Epithelium (outer layer of retina)
-Neural Retina (inner layer containing nerve cells)
-Fovea (macula) (area of greatest visual acuity)
-Optic Disk (blind spot; where optic nerve exits eye)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Eye - Chambers?

A

-Anterior Chamber (aqueous humor)
-Posterior Chamber (aqueous humor)
-Vitreous Chamber (vitreous (gelatinous) humor)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

(Eye - Chambers)
Anterior Chamber?

A

(Aqueous Humor)
-Posterior to cornea
-Anterior to iris + lens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

(Eye - Chambers)
Posterior Chamber?

A

(Aqueous Humor)
-Posterior to iris
-Anterior lens + ciliary body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

(Eye - Chambers)
Vitreous Chamber?

A

(Vitreous (gelatinous) Humor)
-Posterior to lens + ciliary body
-Anterior to retina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

(Eye - Chambers)
Aqueous Humor is produced by?

A

Ciliary Body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

(Outer Eye - Cornea)
Consists of 5 Layers?

A

(Superficial to Deep)
-Cornea Epithelium
-Bowman’s (membrane) Layer
-Stroma
-Descemet’s (membrane) Layer
-Cornea Endothelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

(Outer Eye - Cornea)
Cornea Epithelium?

A

(Superficial)
(1st)
Stratified squamous epithelium (non-keratinized)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

(Outer Eye - Cornea)
Bowman’s (membrane) Layer?

A

(2nd)
Basement Membrane of Epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

(Outer Eye - Cornea)
Stroma?

A

(3rd)
Dense regular CT underlying Basement Membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

(Outer Eye - Cornea)
Descemet’s (membrane) Layer?

A

(4th)
Basement Membrane of Endothelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

(Outer Eye - Cornea)
Cornea Endothelium?

A

(Deep)
(5th)
Simple Squamous Epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

(Outer Eye - Cornea)
Function of Cornea?

A

~75% of light focusing onto retina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Middle Eye - Structures?

A

-Choroid
-Ciliary Body
-Iris

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

(Middle Eye - Structures)
Choroid?

A

Vascularized + Pigmented Loose CT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

(Middle Eye - Structures)
Ciliary Body?

A

Smooth Muscle Cells
-Produced aqueous humor –> anterior + posterior chambers
-Zonule fibers attach ciliary body to lens
-Ciliary muscle contracts –> zone fibers relax –> lens thickens (allows for near-sightedness)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

(Middle Eye - Structures)
(Ciliary Body)
Function of Ciliary Body?

A

Fine focus of lens via parasympathetic innervation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

(Middle Eye - Structures)
(Ciliary Body)
Ciliary Muscle contracts –> ?

A

Zone Fibers relax –> lens thickens
(allows for near-sightedness)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

(Middle Eye - Structures)
Iris?

A

Pigmented loose CT + smooth muscle cells

25
(Middle Eye - Structures) (Iris) Function of Iris?
Regulation of light entering eye
26
(Middle Eye - Structures) (Iris) Dilator Pupillae contracts --> ?
Pupil enlarges --> more light (via sympathetic innervation)
27
(Middle Eye - Structures) (Iris) Constrictor Pupillae contracts --> ?
Pupil shrinks --> less light (via parasympathetic innervation)
28
Middle Eye - Lens?
Biconvex lens responsible for ~25% of light focusing onto retina
29
(Middle Eye - Lens) Lens Layers?
(Outer to Inner) -Outer Layer (Capsule) -Subcapsular Layer -Inner Layer
30
(Middle Eye - Lens) (Lens Layers) Outer Layer?
(Capsule) Basement Membrane
31
(Middle Eye - Lens) (Lens Layers) Subcapsular Layer?
(Middle) Simple Cuboidal --> Columnar Epithelium
32
(Middle Eye - Lens) (Lens Layers) Inner Layer?
Lens Fibers (size based on tension of zone fibers located of ciliary body)
33
(Middle Eye - Lens) (Clinical Note) Opacities in Lens?
Cataracts which can be treated via lens transplant
34
(Inner Eye - Retina) Consists of 10 Layers?
(Vitreous body to Choroid) -Inner Limiting Membrane (innermost layer) -Ganglion cell axons -Ganglion cell bodies -Inner Synaptic (Plexiform) Layer -Inner Nuclear Layer -Outer Synaptic (Plexiform) Layer -Outer Nuclear Layer -Outer Limiting Membrane -Rods + Cones -Retinal Pigment Epithelium (outermost layer)
35
(Inner Eye - Retina) Inner Limiting Membrane?
(1st) Innermost Layer
36
(Inner Eye - Retina) Ganglion Cell Axons?
(2nd) Optic Nerve fibers from ganglion cells
37
(Inner Eye - Retina) Ganglion Cell Bodies?
(3rd) Large multipolar neurons
38
(Inner Eye - Retina) Inner Synaptic (Plexiform) Layer?
4th
39
(Inner Eye - Retina) Inner Nuclear Layer?
(5th) Photoreceptor cells = muller, amacrine, bipolar, horizontal cells
40
(Inner Eye - Retina) Outer Synaptic (Plexiform) Layer?
6th
41
(Inner Eye - Retina) Outer Nuclear Layer?
7th
42
(Inner Eye - Retina) Outer Limiting Membrane?
8th
43
(Inner Eye - Retina) Rods + Cones?
(9th) -Rods (contain rhodopsin --> detect light/dark) -Cones (contain iodopsin --> detect color (red/green/blue))
44
(Inner Eye - Retina) Retinal Pigment Epithelium?
(10th) (Outermost Layer) -Absorbs excess light + phagocytizes discs from rods + cones -Retinal detachment = separation of neural retina from epithelium
45
(Inner Eye - Retina) Light enters eye?
Gets focused on inner limiting membrane (travels through retinal layers to reach rods + cones)
46
(Inner Eye - Retina) Nuclear Layers = ?
Nuclei of Cells
47
Inner Eye - Misc. Structures?
-Fovea (macula) -Optic Disk -Ora Serrata
48
(Inner Eye - Misc. Structures) Fovea?
(Macula) (spot in back of retina) -Site of greatest visual acuity -Contains only cones --> color vision
49
(Inner Eye - Misc. Structures) Optic Disk?
(blind spot in back of retina) -Site where optic nerve fibers travel -Contains NO photoreceptor cells
50
(Inner Eye - Misc. Structures) Ora Serrata?
(anterior border of retina) -Site where photoreceptor cells are 1st observed
51
(Inner Eye - Misc. Structures) (Clinical Note) Macula Degeneration?
Breakdown of fovea (macula) results in loss of center view (however, peripheral view (vision) is still intact)
52
Eyelid consists of?
-Outer Surface -Inner Surface
53
(Eyelid) Outer Surface?
Thin Skin = Stratified Squamous Epithelium
54
(Eyelid) Loose CT contains Glandular Tissue?
-Zeis glands -Meibomium glands -Moll glands
55
(Eyelid) (Loose CT contains Glandular Tissue) Zeis glands?
Sebaceous (oil) glands located at hair follicle (eyelashes)
56
(Eyelid) (Loose CT contains Glandular Tissue) Meibomium glands?
Sebaceous (oil) glands
57
(Eyelid) (Loose CT contains Glandular Tissue) Moll glands?
Apocrine sweat glands
58
(Eyelid) Inner Surface?
Stratified Columnar Epithelium + Goblet Cells

Block 2: Histology (Alternate) (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions