Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Block 2: Histology (Alternate) > Lecture 3 > Flashcards

Lecture 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Integument?

A

Your skin = epidermis + dermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

(Integument)
Skin is covered by?

A

Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
(epithelium –> basement membrane –> loose CT (papillary layer) –> dense CT (reticular layer))

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

(Integument)
Functions of the Skin?

A

-Barrier
-Homeostasis
-Immunologic (barrier)
-Sensory –> nerve tissue (Pacinian + Meissner’s corpuscles)
-Endocrine
-Excretion –> glandular tissue (sweat + oil)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

(Integument)
Hypodermis is mostly?

A

Fat Tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

(Integument)
Sensory?

A

Nerve Tissue (Pacinian + Meissner’s corpuscles)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

(Integument)
Excretion?

A

Glandular Tissue (sweat + oil)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

(Epidermis - Layers)
Epidermis?

A

Epithelium - derived from ectoderm
(consists of 5 layers (thick skin) or 4 layers (thin skin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

(Epidermis - Layers)
Thick Skin Layers?

A

-Stratum Corneum
-Stratum Lucidum (thick skin only)
-Stratum Granulosum (H2O Barrier)
-Stratum Spinosum
-Stratum Basale (Germinativum)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

(Epidermis - Layers)
Thin Skin Layers?

A

-Stratum Corneum
-Stratum Granulosum (H2O Barrier)
-Stratum Spinosum
-Stratum Basale (Germinativum)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

(Epidermis - Layers)
Stratum Corneum

A

1st
(dead, flattened keratinized cells = horny cells)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

(Epidermis - Layers)
Stratum Lucidum?

A

2nd
(Thick Skin ONLY)
(thin + clear layer of dead, flattened keratinocytes)
(acidophilic stains more pink/red)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

(Epidermis - Layers)
Stratum Granulosum?

A

3rd
(H2O Barrier)
(keratohyalin granules + membrane coating granules)
(lamellar bodies –> lipid insoluble proteins = waterproof)
(basophilic stains dark purple)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

(Epidermis - Layers)
Stratum Spinosum?

A

4th
(polygonal cells with desmosomes generates cohesion)
(presence of mitotically active cells)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

(Epidermis - Layers)
Stratum Basale?

A

5th
(Germinativum)
(columnar cells with desmosomes + hemidesmosomes)
(most mitotically active layer replenish cell population)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

(Epidermis - Layers)
Mitotically Active Region?

A

Malphigian Layer = Spinosum + Basale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

(Clinical Note - Cutaneous Burns)
1st Degree Burns?

A

Patient can repair epidermis
(damage to stratum cornea + lucid + granulosum + spinous)
(stratum basale is unharmed and can restore lost cell population)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

(Clinical Note - Cutaneous Burns)
2nd Degree Burns?

A

Patient can regenerate lost epidermis from dermis
(damage to all layers of epidermis)
(sweat glands + hair follicles in dermis (derived from stratum basal of epidermis) can regenerate epidermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

(Clinical Note - Cutaneous Burns)
3rd Degree Burns?

A

Patient has complete loss of epidermis + dermis
(can only repair with skin grafts)
(most dangerous burn because loss of H2O barrier can cause death (dehydration))

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

(Epidermis - Cells)
Keratinocytes?

A

(most abundant cell type)
-Produced in stratum basal (move to spinous + proliferate)
-As cells mature they accumulate keratin filaments (granules)
-Start to die in stratum granulosum (move to corneum)
-Can store melanin produced by melanocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

(Epidermis - Cells)
Langerhans Cells?

A

-Found in stratum spinosum
-Derived from mesoderm
-Act as immune cell (APC) = migrate into dermis then lymph

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

(Epidermis - Cells)
Melanocytes?

A

-Found in stratum basale (germinativum) with hemidesmosomes
-Derived from neural crest cells which allows for migration
-Contain tyrosinase –> produces melanin –> gives skin color (melanin protects keratinocytes from UV radiation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

(Epidermis - Cells)
Merkel Cells?

A

-Found in stratum basale (germinativum) of only thick skin
-Specialized keratinocytes = mechanoreceptor (sensory) cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

(Clinical Note - Epithelial Skin Cancers)
Types of Epithelial Skin Cancers?

A

-Basal Cell Carcinoma
-Squamous Cell Carcinoma
-Malignant Melanoma

24
Q

(Clinical Note - Epithelial Skin Cancers)
Basal Cell Carcinoma?

A

-Occurs in thin skin only (where sebaceous glands are located)
-Affects keratinocytes in stratum basale –> excess basal cells in areas they shouldn’t be (like dermis)

25
(Clinical Note - Epithelial Skin Cancers) Squamous Cell Carcinoma?
-Loss of normal (squamous) epithelium --> appearance of cuboidal or columnar cells -Affects keratinocytes all throughout epithelial layers
26
(Clinical Note - Epithelial Skin Cancers) Malignant Melanoma?
-Most dangerous form of skin cancer -Affects melanocytes in stratum basale --> migrate into dermis --> invade blood + lymph vessels to spread cancer
27
(Clinical Note - Epithelial Skin Cancers) Affects Keratinocytes?
-Basal Cell Carcinoma -Squamous Cell Carcinoma
28
(Dermis - Layers) Dermis is made up of?
Loose + Dense CT underlying epithelium
29
(Dermis - Layers) Upper Loose CT Layer?
(Papillary Layer) -Cellular layer because loose CT = cells > fibers -Cell populations = fibroblasts, mast cells, macrophages, etc. -Considered a part of the dermal papillae
30
(Dermis - Layers) Lower Dense CT Layer?
(Reticular Layer) -Fibrous layer because dense CT = fibers > cells -Made up of type I collagen fibers -Contents (sweat glands, sebaceous glands (thin skin only), nerve fiber (Pacinian + Meissner's), and arrestor muscle (thin skin only)
31
(Dermis - Layers) Lower Dense CT Layer contents?
-Sweat Glands -Sebaceous Glands (thin skin only) -Nerve Fiber (Pacinian + Meissner's corpuscles) -Arrestor Muscle (thin skin only)
32
(Dermis - Layers) Dermis in thin skin is the same as?
Thick Skin (except thin skin has sebaceous glands + arrector muscle (for hair))
33
(Dermis - Layers) Structures in the Dermis come from cells in the?
Epidermis
34
(Hair Follicles) Found in the?
Dermis of ONLY thin skin (down growth of epidermis into dermis) (usually near sebaceous (oil) glands in dermis (apocrine sweat glands in armpits))
35
(Hair Follicles) External + Internal Root Sheaths?
Basal Cells (surrounded by dense CT within dermis)
36
(Hair Follicles) Dermal Papillae?
Hair Bulb surrounded by root sheath (located at bottom of hair follicle (aka root)) (contains vasculature to nourish hair)
37
(Hair Follicles) Hair itself in the follicle has?
2 Layer (cortex + medulla)
38
Eccrine Sweat Glands?
Most common sweat gland (watery, non-viscous secretion
39
(Eccrine Sweat Glands) Derived from?
Epidermal Cells (ex. basal cells) invading down into dermis
40
(Eccrine Sweat Glands) Characterized by?
Simple Cuboidal Epithelium (myoepithelial cells help to squeeze out secretions from gland; these cells stain dark pink + contain actin)
41
Apocrine Sweat Glands?
Less common sweat glands because it is only located in the axillary, areolar and anal regions (sexual function = pheromones (starts at puberty))
42
Apocrine Sweat Glands are composed of?
Protein-rich, viscous, odorless secretion
43
(Apocrine Sweat Glands) Glands secrete fluids into ducts?
Ducts open into hair follicle + secrete fluid
44
(Apocrine Sweat Glands) Mammary Glands?
Modified apocrine sweat glands (active glands have lots of glandular tissue; inactive is mostly CT with scarce amount of glands)
45
(Sebaceous (Oil) Glands) Located?
Only in thin skin because they develop with hair follicles (ex. lips (mouth), glans (penis), and clitoris (vagina))
46
(Sebaceous (Oil) Glands) Secrete?
Sebum (oil) via holocrine secretion --> more active after puberty
47
(Sebaceous (Oil) Glands) Characterized by?
Basal cells (from epidermis) (as cells swell + fill with oil, large cell will lose its nuclei)
48
Nails?
Plates of keratinized epithelial cells (ex. nails are dead skin cells)
49
(Nails) Nail Layers?
(superficial to deep) -Nail Plate -Nail Bed -Nail Matrix
50
(Nails) (Nail Layers) Nail Plate?
(top) Keratinized epithelial cells
51
(Nails) (Nail Layers) Nail Bed?
(middle) Epithelial cells of stratum spinous + basale (ex. malphigian layer)
52
(Nails) (Nail Layers) Nail Matrix?
(bottom) -Generates cells of nail bed
53
(Nails) Root of the Nail is where?
Nail grows from then it grows distally on top of nail bed
54
(Dermis - Free Nerve Endings (Nerve Tissue)) What are free nerve endings?
Unmyelinated axons (nerve tissue) in dermis penetrate up into malphigian layer of epidermis
55
(Dermis - Free Nerve Endings (Nerve Tissue)) Meissner's Corpuscles?
-Present in thick skin (most abundant) + thin skin (identify in upper (papillary) layer of dermis -Function = discriminative touch/edge detection
56
(Dermis - Free Nerve Endings (Nerve Tissue)) Pacinian Corpuscles?
-Present in thick skin + thin skin (identify in lower (reticular) layer of dermis -Function = deep pressure + vibration
57
(Clinical Note - Epithelial Skin Cancers) Affects Melanocytes?
Malignant Melanoma (most dangerous form of skin cancer)

Block 2: Histology (Alternate) (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions