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Block 2: Histology (Alternate) > Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Heart Layer
(outer to inner)?

A

-Epicardium
-Myocardium
-Endocardium

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2
Q

(Heart Layers)
Epicardium?

A

Fat cells, b.v., nerves

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3
Q

(Heart Layers)
Myocardium?

A

Cardiac muscle (ex. myocytes)

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4
Q

(Heart Layers)
Endocardium?

A

Purkenjie cells, fibers, smooth muscle
(subendocardium –> sub endothelium –> endothelium)

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5
Q

(Heart Layers)
Inside of the Heart is lined with?

A

Endothelium
(simple squamous epithelium)

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6
Q

(Heart Layers)
Outside of Heart is lined with?

A

Mesothelium
(simple squamous epithelium)

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7
Q

(Heart Layers)
Purkenjie cells?

A

Conducting cells (modifying myocytes)

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8
Q

Blood Vessels are?

A

Arteries, Arterioles, Capillaries, Veins, etc.

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9
Q

(Blood Vessels)
Portal systems occur between 2 capillary beds?

A

-Arterial system (in kidneys) has an arteriole between 2 beds
-Venous system (in liver) has a vein between 2 beds

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10
Q

Blood Vessel Layers
(outer to inner)?

A

-Tunica Adventitia
-Tunica Media
-Tunica Intima

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11
Q

(Blood Vessel Layer)
Tunica Adventitia?

A

(outer)
Elastic Fibers
(External Elastic Lamina = elastic fibers)

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12
Q

(Blood Vessel Layers)
Tunica Media?

A

(middle)
Elastic Fibers + Smooth Muscle Cells
(Internal Elastic Lamina = elastic fibers)

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13
Q

(Blood Vessel Layers)
Tunica Intima?

A

(inner)
Smooth Muscle Cells

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14
Q

(Blood Vessels)
Inside of the blood vessels is lined with?

A

Endothelium
(cells secrete VWF, endothelia, collagen (2/4/5), glycoprotein

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15
Q

Elastic Arteries?

A

-Thick tunica media
-Lots of elastic media –> stains dark purple (more fibers than cells)
-Examples = aorta + pulmonary trunk

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16
Q

Medium Veins?

A

-Thin tunica media = elastic + reticular (type 3 collagen) fibers, SMCs
-Adventitia blends in with surrounding CT
-Irregular shaped

17
Q

Large Veins - Vena Cava?

A

-Thin tunica media = elastic + reticular (type 3 collagen) fibers, SMCs (reticular fibers only visible with silver stain)
-May contain valves (unliked arteries)

18
Q

Arterioles?

A

-Characterized by 1-2 layers of SMCs
-Metarterioles control flow article into capillary
(arterioles look bigger than capillaries)

19
Q

Capillaries?

A

-Characterized by 1 layer of endothelium
-Continuous capillaries
-Fenestrated capillaries
-Sinusoidal (discontinuous) capillaries

20
Q

(Capillaries)
Continuous Capillaries?

A

In muscle + nerve tissue
(contain a fully intact membrane (ex. it has NO holes in it) –> thus, NO diffusion)

21
Q

(Capillaries)
Fenestrated Capillaries?

A

In digestive organs + pancreas
(contain a perforated membrane (ex. it has some holes in it) –> thus, some diffusion)

22
Q

(Capillaries)
Sinusoidal (discontinuous) Capillaries?

A

In liver + spleen + bone marrow
(contain an incomplete membrane (ex. it has large gaps in it) –> thus, diffusion of large products like RBCs)

23
Q

Neurovascular Bundle?

A

Contains nerve, artery, vein and lymph surrounded by a fascial sheath (CT)

24
Q

(Neurovascular Bundle)
Identify Nerve?

A

No lumen, but several nerve fascicles (bundle of fibers)

25
Q

(Neurovascular Bundle)
Identify Artery?

A

Thick tunica media (mostly SMCs) + red colored lumen (due to RBCs)

26
Q

(Neurovascular Bundle)
Identify Vein?

A

Thin tunica media + irregularly shaped lumen

27
Q

(Neurovascular Bundle)
Identify Lymph?

A

Contains only endothelium (simple squamous cells)

28
Q

Myocardial Infarct?

A

Heart Attack
(caused by build up of cholesterol (atherosclerosis))

29
Q

(Myocardial Infarct)
Caused by build up of cholesterol?

A

(Atherosclerosis)
-Cholesterol damages endothelium
-Formation of plaque then blocks there artery preventing flow

30
Q

(Myocardial Infarct)
Blockage of coronary arteries leads to?

A

Complete loss of blood flow –> muscle tissue dies

31
Q

(Myocardial Infarct)
Neutrophils + Macrophages come into the area to?

A

Clear out the dead (necrotic) cells

32
Q

(Myocardial Infarct)
Fibroblasts use collagen to?

A

Form scar tissue

33
Q

Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)?

A

Inability to pump enough blood due to cardiac hypertrophy
(because Heart grows in size)

34
Q

Muscular Arteries?

A

-Thick tunica media
-Lots of smooth muscle cells –> many nuclei

35
Q

(Heart Layers)
Outer covering of the Heart?

A

Pericardium (dense CT)

Block 2: Histology (Alternate) (8 decks)

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