Lecture #39 - Obesity Flashcards
What’s BMI and what’s BMI for obese?
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Energy enters an organism as ____ and exits as ___ and ____. Energy can also be mobilised from ____ ____.
when organism is at rest, all energy expenditure is equal to heat produced, that is, ______
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Explain those arrows in your own words
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Why is it only 200g/day of fat that you can mobilise?
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Energy expenditure is metabolic rate and there are three components to it:
- Adaptive thermogenesis
- It is variable? What is it regulated by?
- Responds to what?
- Occurs in what two main sites? - Physical activity
- can we control this? - Basal metabolic rate (obligatory energy expenditure)
- required for performance of what?
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Explain what dinitrophenol did
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Brown fat:
- Special ____ tissue
- Found in what two things
- Less or more in adults
- What is its purpose?
- How does it differ to white fat? (2)
- Mechanism by which….
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Uncoupling protein:
- Originally found in what?
- Where is it present?
- What are they?
- Uncouple what two processes?
- What happens when the electrochemical gradient dissipates
- Therefore increase……(why?)
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Diet induced thermogenesis - what was he saying then?
Okay so in those mice, when he fed them the cafeteria diet, the brown fat was becoming more and mitochondria were increasing by actual weight of the rats still similar so rats had responded to diet by up-regulating UCP and brown adipose tissue rather than putting on weight. So activated UCP in BAT burns off excess dietary energy And that can be used in humans because it’s shown that active BAT could be a way of burning excess energy
Recently, what has been found with uncoupling proteins and white fat?
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BAT-oreinted strategies to combat obesity (burn off excess fuels as heat)
What are the three?
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That diagram of brown fat differentiation turning on - explain
Okay so you basically turn on the transcription factor for the pre-adipocyte to become brown adipocyte and that will continue to differentiate and grow
Liposuction - take out and the progenitor cells by liposuction and then induce (in vitro) agents to promote BAT differentiation or genes specifying BAT differentiation
What is leptin and what is it secreted by and what two things does it tell the brain to do?
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Leptin receptor - where and what was it absent in?
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Severely obese child - tell the story
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