Lecture #20 - Energy and metabolism 1

Question 1

Explain the first diagram of the catabolism and anabolism thing

Answer 1

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Question 2

What is oxidised to form ATP?

Answer 2

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Question 3

What is the first law of thermodynamics?

Answer 3

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Question 4

Energy balances in the body:

E(intake) = E(?) + E(?)

E(expended) = what two things?

A small about of E is lost in what three things?

Answer 4

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Question 5

Weight loss can be achieved by what three things? What are the complications with the last two things?

Answer 5

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Question 6

What can you tell me about leptin? (3)

Answer 6

1. It tells the body that its full and helps regulate appetite but if you have high amounts, can become resistant to it even if have receptor
2. People sleep deprived - affects their leptin so they tend to eat more
3. Mutation in gene coding hormone receptor for leptin (or in gene of hormone leptin) = not good (like mouse)

Question 7

Units of energy - what is it and how do you define it?

How many calories in a joule? cal vs Cal

Answer 7

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Question 8

How do you determine the energy contents of foods? What is the method?

Answer 8

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Question 9

What is the difference between the equation for carbs and fatty acids in terms of the O2 and CO2 content

Answer 9

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Question 10

Indirect calorimetry

1. What is it based on?
2. Measured using what?
3. What’s the basic principle? “Certain amount of energy is associated…….”
4. So if the measurement was 20.9kJ/L, what does that mean?
5. What does indirect calorimetry allow to calculate?
6. What else does it allow you to calculate? What can this help figure out?

Answer 10

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Question 11

Why do fatty acids release larger amounts of energy than carbohydrates?

Answer 11

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Question 12

So not all the energy in food is available - what can you say about the fibre and nitrogen?

Answer 12

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Question 13

What are the atwater factors for fat, carb, protein and ethanol?

Answer 13

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Question 14

How does direct calorimetry work? Good for determining what?

Answer 14

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Question 15

What is RER?

How does RER determine feel being used?

Answer 15

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Question 16

What is basal metabolism?

Usually defined as?

Answer 16

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Question 17

Does BMR vary between individuals? If so, what factors affect it?

What can basal metabolism be increased or decreased by?

Answer 17

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Question 18

Hyperthyroidism:

1. What happens or what causes it?
2. What happens to thyroxine levels?
3. What’s the treatment?
4. What happens to weight or metabolism?

Hypothyroidism:

1. What happens or what causes it?
2. What happens to thyroxine levels?
3. What’s the treatment?
4. What happens to weight or metabolism?

Answer 18

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