Lecture #26 - Energy/ATP stuff Flashcards

1
Q

Real basic:

  1. What do we use ATP for and what are the three things?
  2. What two things provide the energy to get from ADP to ATP?
A
  1. Cellular work: ionic work (move ions against gradient), mechanical work (physically moving stuff) and biosynthesis (use little molecules to build big things)
  2. Glucose and FA
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2
Q
  1. What is Gibbs Free Energy?
  2. What G value will a spontaneous/non spontaneous have? What about equilibrium?
  3. What would you do to make an unfavourable reaction favourable?
  4. Is the reverse reaction of an unfavourable reaction favourable?
A
  1. Amount of energy given off
  2. Negative for spontaneous but positive for not. Equil is 0
  3. Couple it with another favourable one
  4. Yes
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3
Q
  1. With the coupling thing - what do the two G values need to add up to?
  2. How do enzymes drive necessary unfav reactions?
A
  1. They need to be below 0

2. Enzymes often couple reactions to drive necessary unfav reactions

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4
Q

What are the types of G - like G naught etc

A
  1. normal delta G = in a specific conc, temp, press but don’t always know these values or they change so use:
  2. Delta G naught = standard conditions: certain temp, conc - all at 1mol/L (even H+) but that aint normal to be so acidic in body so use:
  3. Delta G naught prime = under standard conditions but pH = 7
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5
Q

Lipids are more reduced than carbs so what can you say about how much they can be oxidised?

A

0

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6
Q
  1. What are the two types of reactions that occur in the whole thing?
  2. What are the two ways ATP is generated and what two places does it occur?
A
  1. Redox
    - fuel molecules get oxidised
    - coenzymes get reduced

Phosphorylation reactions
-ADP to ATP

  1. Substrate level phosphorylation (direct)
    - glycolysis and CAC
    - ene used directly from somewhere to make ATP - coupled directly

Oxidative phosphorylation (indirect)

  • reduced co-enzymes
  • use ene from oxidation molecules and energy captured in reduced coenzymes - they then become oxidised and release ene for oxidative phos
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7
Q

What are the enzymes that do redox

What two things are transferred in redox?

A

-

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8
Q

CoEnzymes

  1. Subclass of what?
  2. Small what?
  3. Low ____ in cell
  4. Act as?
  5. Exist in how many forms?
A

-

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9
Q

NAD:

  1. What vitamin makes up part of this? (well, derived from)
  2. What does it accept and what three things is it involved in?
  3. Where do the 2e- go and where does the H+ go?
A

-

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10
Q

FAD:

  1. What vitamin? (derived from)
  2. Accepts what in pathways and what two places is it used? Like what in terms of H+ and e-
  3. What can you say about flavin coenzymes regarding their flavoproteins?
  4. How does this compare to NAD?
A

-

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11
Q

CoA:

  1. Derived from what?
  2. Carrier of what?
  3. What are the two forms?
  4. Does it have anything to do with H+ or e-?
  5. What does it have on one end?
A

-

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