Lecture #26 - Energy/ATP stuff Flashcards
1
Q
Real basic:
- What do we use ATP for and what are the three things?
- What two things provide the energy to get from ADP to ATP?
A
- Cellular work: ionic work (move ions against gradient), mechanical work (physically moving stuff) and biosynthesis (use little molecules to build big things)
- Glucose and FA
2
Q
- What is Gibbs Free Energy?
- What G value will a spontaneous/non spontaneous have? What about equilibrium?
- What would you do to make an unfavourable reaction favourable?
- Is the reverse reaction of an unfavourable reaction favourable?
A
- Amount of energy given off
- Negative for spontaneous but positive for not. Equil is 0
- Couple it with another favourable one
- Yes
3
Q
- With the coupling thing - what do the two G values need to add up to?
- How do enzymes drive necessary unfav reactions?
A
- They need to be below 0
2. Enzymes often couple reactions to drive necessary unfav reactions
4
Q
What are the types of G - like G naught etc
A
- normal delta G = in a specific conc, temp, press but don’t always know these values or they change so use:
- Delta G naught = standard conditions: certain temp, conc - all at 1mol/L (even H+) but that aint normal to be so acidic in body so use:
- Delta G naught prime = under standard conditions but pH = 7
5
Q
Lipids are more reduced than carbs so what can you say about how much they can be oxidised?
A
0
6
Q
- What are the two types of reactions that occur in the whole thing?
- What are the two ways ATP is generated and what two places does it occur?
A
- Redox
- fuel molecules get oxidised
- coenzymes get reduced
Phosphorylation reactions
-ADP to ATP
- Substrate level phosphorylation (direct)
- glycolysis and CAC
- ene used directly from somewhere to make ATP - coupled directly
Oxidative phosphorylation (indirect)
- reduced co-enzymes
- use ene from oxidation molecules and energy captured in reduced coenzymes - they then become oxidised and release ene for oxidative phos
7
Q
What are the enzymes that do redox
What two things are transferred in redox?
A
-
8
Q
CoEnzymes
- Subclass of what?
- Small what?
- Low ____ in cell
- Act as?
- Exist in how many forms?
A
-
9
Q
NAD:
- What vitamin makes up part of this? (well, derived from)
- What does it accept and what three things is it involved in?
- Where do the 2e- go and where does the H+ go?
A
-
10
Q
FAD:
- What vitamin? (derived from)
- Accepts what in pathways and what two places is it used? Like what in terms of H+ and e-
- What can you say about flavin coenzymes regarding their flavoproteins?
- How does this compare to NAD?
A
-
11
Q
CoA:
- Derived from what?
- Carrier of what?
- What are the two forms?
- Does it have anything to do with H+ or e-?
- What does it have on one end?
A
-