lecture 35 Flashcards
three categories of factors that govern fitness, health and risk of disease.
inherited / biological
environmental (physical, socioeconomic and family)
behavioural (nutrition, medication)
what categories are modifiable
environmental and behavioural.
how do the three categories interrelate
benefits to one aspect of health or disease factor often impact others, and are highly interrelated.
fitness vs fatness ?
what is the single biggest killer in major diseases
CHD and stroke
three cancers PA positively effects
lung anf colorectal cancers. some reduction for oesophageal and breast cancer.
cancers PA negatively effects
melignant melanoma and prostate.
how does PA help with cardiac function
increase its vasculature and metabolism. HR, size, contractility and compliance, stress protective proteins and antipxidants.
how does PA decrese TPR
increase endothelial function and increase BV (preload)
what is the favourable autonomic activity
increase PNS and decrease SNS
how does PA effect workload on heart
decrease ( decease BP and HR at rest and ex)
how does PA normalise blood glucose profile
Muscle mass and its insulin sensitivity are important
increase Glucose uptake independently of insulin during and after exercise!
Concentration and stability of blood glucose are both important
what is the more favourable body compositon and does PA help this
yes and increase muscle mass and/or decrease fat mass
how many NZers are PA
fewer than half. >150min/wk of mod intensity of >10 min accross week
limitations to the NZ health survey
it was self-report can overestimate actual PA.
is PA similar in maori and non-maori
yes
what demographic was lower in PA in health survey
Pacific people and Asian. most economically deprived.
what are the 1 degress risk factors for coronary heart disease.
lack of PA, hypertension and hypercholesterolaemia
what are the 2 degress risk factors for coronary heart disease.
obesity and cigarette smoking.
what is coronary heart disease
Usually atherosclerosis of coronary vessels.
what is the benefit of exercise with coronary heart disease
decreease mortalitiy 25%
what are possible risks for exercise for CHD.
High risk group; stratify then supervise
Symptom limited exercise.
High aerobic component.
Tend to begin early after infarct
what is hypertension
High Arterial Blood Pressure:
Prehypertension: SBP/DBP > 120/80 mm Hg (or medicated)
Stage 1 hypertension: >130/90 mm Hg
hypertension: Aetiology (how does it develop?)
increase Na+
change in vascular structure
increase SNS and chronic inflammation
Hyperglycaemia, Insulin Resistance & Dyslipidaemia
why is hypertension prevelant in nz
Av NZ adult = prehypertensive; male = Stage 1
hypertension: Treatment benefit of ex for acute
Large decreease after exercise
SBP/DBP decrease by 15/4 mm Hg, for ≤1 day.
hypertension: Treatment benefit of ex for chronic
Comparable to pharmacological
SBP/DBP ~7/5 mm Hg in hypertensive folk (~2 mm Hg controls)
PA for stroke and CHD
30% decrease mortality for stroke & CHD
Mechanisms: of PA for hypertension
Several. eg, decrease SNS, increase PNS.
increase Vascular functn (dilation); decrease TPR
increase LV Fnctn, Δ Lipids and Glucose
possible issues with exercising with hypertension
Best if daily ex (most aerobic)
Often have CHD; increase risk, so individualise
current prescription of PA.
Sit less, move more. Break up long periods of sitting
.150 min of moderate or 75 min of vigorous activity / wk
[Some vigorous PA valuable, esp. for muscle & heart, possibly enjoyment] At least 2 resistance sessions/week on major muscle groups
Some activity better than none.
is progression crictical?
Progression is critical!
.more so if initially inactive or older
