lecture 35

Question 1

three categories of factors that govern fitness, health and risk of disease.

Answer 1

inherited / biological
environmental (physical, socioeconomic and family)
behavioural (nutrition, medication)

Question 2

what categories are modifiable

Answer 2

environmental and behavioural.

Question 3

how do the three categories interrelate

Answer 3

benefits to one aspect of health or disease factor often impact others, and are highly interrelated.

Question 4

fitness vs fatness ?

Question 5

what is the single biggest killer in major diseases

Answer 5

CHD and stroke

Question 6

three cancers PA positively effects

Answer 6

lung anf colorectal cancers. some reduction for oesophageal and breast cancer.

Question 7

cancers PA negatively effects

Answer 7

melignant melanoma and prostate.

Question 8

how does PA help with cardiac function

Answer 8

increase its vasculature and metabolism. HR, size, contractility and compliance, stress protective proteins and antipxidants.

Question 9

how does PA decrese TPR

Answer 9

increase endothelial function and increase BV (preload)

Question 10

what is the favourable autonomic activity

Answer 10

increase PNS and decrease SNS

Question 11

how does PA effect workload on heart

Answer 11

decrease ( decease BP and HR at rest and ex)

Question 12

how does PA normalise blood glucose profile

Answer 12

Muscle mass and its insulin sensitivity are important
increase Glucose uptake independently of insulin during and after exercise!
Concentration and stability of blood glucose are both important

Question 13

what is the more favourable body compositon and does PA help this

Answer 13

yes and increase muscle mass and/or decrease fat mass

Question 14

how many NZers are PA

Answer 14

fewer than half. >150min/wk of mod intensity of >10 min accross week

Question 15

limitations to the NZ health survey

Answer 15

it was self-report can overestimate actual PA.

Question 16

is PA similar in maori and non-maori

Answer 16

yes

Question 17

what demographic was lower in PA in health survey

Answer 17

Pacific people and Asian. most economically deprived.

Question 18

what are the 1 degress risk factors for coronary heart disease.

Answer 18

lack of PA, hypertension and hypercholesterolaemia

Question 19

what are the 2 degress risk factors for coronary heart disease.

Answer 19

obesity and cigarette smoking.

Question 20

what is coronary heart disease

Answer 20

Usually atherosclerosis of coronary vessels.

Question 21

what is the benefit of exercise with coronary heart disease

Answer 21

decreease mortalitiy 25%

Question 22

what are possible risks for exercise for CHD.

Answer 22

High risk group; stratify then supervise
Symptom limited exercise.
High aerobic component.
Tend to begin early after infarct

Question 23

what is hypertension

Answer 23

High Arterial Blood Pressure:
 Prehypertension: SBP/DBP > 120/80 mm Hg (or medicated)
 Stage 1 hypertension: >130/90 mm Hg

Question 24

hypertension: Aetiology (how does it develop?)

Answer 24

increase Na+
change in vascular structure
increase SNS and chronic inflammation
Hyperglycaemia, Insulin Resistance & Dyslipidaemia

Question 25

why is hypertension prevelant in nz

Answer 25

Av NZ adult = prehypertensive; male = Stage 1

Question 26

hypertension: Treatment benefit of ex for acute

Answer 26

Large decreease after exercise
 SBP/DBP decrease by 15/4 mm Hg, for ≤1 day.

Question 27

hypertension: Treatment benefit of ex for chronic

Answer 27

Comparable to pharmacological
SBP/DBP ~7/5 mm Hg in hypertensive folk (~2 mm Hg controls)

Question 28

PA for stroke and CHD

Answer 28

30% decrease mortality for stroke & CHD

Question 29

Mechanisms: of PA for hypertension

Answer 29

Several. eg, decrease SNS, increase PNS.
increase Vascular functn (dilation); decrease TPR
increase LV Fnctn, Δ Lipids and Glucose

Question 30

possible issues with exercising with hypertension

Answer 30

Best if daily ex (most aerobic)
Often have CHD; increase risk, so individualise

Question 31

current prescription of PA.

Answer 31

Sit less, move more. Break up long periods of sitting
.150 min of moderate or 75 min of vigorous activity / wk
 [Some vigorous PA valuable, esp. for muscle & heart, possibly enjoyment] At least 2 resistance sessions/week on major muscle groups
 Some activity better than none.

Question 32

is progression crictical?

Answer 32

Progression is critical!
.more so if initially inactive or older