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203 > lecture 31 > Flashcards

lecture 31 Flashcards

1
Q

how trainable is blood volume

A

very trainable and has big advantages

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2
Q

what does BV =

A

plasma + red cell volume.

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3
Q

what would increase in plasma volume mean

A

increase venous return. so, increase SV, increase thermoregulation.

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4
Q

how long does it take for PV to become measurable

A

takes only 1 day to become clearly measurable.

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5
Q

what would increase in RCV mean

A

increase oxygen delivery, decrease demand for peripheral blood flow.

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6
Q

how long does it take RCV to be measurable

A

around 3 weeks.

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7
Q

when does athletic anaemia occur

A

occurs early in increase training load. usually due to plasma volume increasing faster than red call volume increasing.

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8
Q

what does Haematocrit =

A

red blood cell volume / blood volume

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9
Q

initial stimulus of blood volume: PV.

A

acute decrease in BV due to decrease in both central venous pressire and arterial pressure. causing acute increase in osmolality. increase albumin synthesis. which helps create balance increaing PV.

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10
Q

initial stimulus of blood volume: RCV

A

(renal) hypoxia.

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11
Q

mediator of increase blood volume in PV

A

aldosterone (conserve sodium and water), ADH (conserve h20)

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12
Q

mediator of increase volume in RCV

A

erythropoietin

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13
Q

how to stimulate PV for increase in BV

A

Heat, long duration acticity, dehydration.

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14
Q

how to stimulate RCV in increase of BV.

A

very prolonged increase PV.

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15
Q

how does vascularisation influence o2 extraction and utilisation

A

new formation of blood tissues within a blood vessel. vascular resistance changes the diameter of arterioles. more capilarisation around each muscle fibre enhancing oxygen extraction.

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16
Q

how does muscle influence o2 extraction and utilisation.

A

fibre type and size - smaller muscles have greater surface area. slow twitch fibres are more efficient with o2.

mitchondria - depending on size, no., cellular location and oxidative enzyme concentrations.

myoglobin

17
Q

what are the key signals for endurance training in the muscle

A

increase in calcium, increase in AMP/ATP and increase in ROS.

18
Q

adaptations driven by these muscle signals.

A

enzyme activity, increase in slow twitch myosin, capillarisation and antioxidant capacity.

19
Q

main reason for increased systemic vascular capacity in endurance runners

A

larger arteries and arterioles.
some new networks of arteries and arterioles. more capillaries (angionesis).

20
Q

how does training increase systemic vascular capacity?

A

metabolic signals
shear stress in blood vessels

21
Q

how does exercise put high shear stress on vessel wall.

A

increase in NO production
increase vessel dilation (NO-dependent dilation)
and stimulates vessel proliferation.

22
Q

what training is best for increase systemic vascular capacity

A

wide range of intervals and continuous are effective.

23
Q

how does capillarisation aid exchnage

A

↓ diffusion distance
increase time for exchange
increase blood flow in tissue

24
Q

do bigger fibres need more capilaries?

A

yes

25
Q

what type of fibre need more capillaries

A

oxidative fibres need more.

26
Q

what does endurance training cuase the size of fibres to be

A

Endurance training causes hypertrophy of Type I fibres (~30% larger)

27
Q

what does endurance training cuase the types of fibres to be

A

Shift in type Type II fibres toward IIa, But probably not Type II to I.

28
Q

do

A
29
Q

do fibres become more oxidative with endurance training ?

A

All fibres become more oxidative!

30
Q

how to recruit the type 2 fibres

A

increase force (size principle)
fartlek training.
↑ Intensity, duration or duty cycle

31
Q

adaptations in mitochondria volume and function with training

A

increased quantity of mitochondrial protein
proportional increase in aerobic enzymes (krebs and ETC).
enhanced abilility for aerobic metabolism (CHO anf FATS)
maintenance of cellular homeostatis and po2 gradient

32
Q

is glycogen sparing in exercise a large effect?

A

yes large and valuable

33
Q

why is glycogen sparing a large effect?

A

metabolise fat, save CHO.

34
Q

what is glycogen sparing related to and caused by

A

increase capillarisation and increase mitochondria volume

35
Q

what does myoglobin do?

A

ready source of o2 and aid diffusion of o2 from membrane to mitochondria.

203 (20 decks)

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