Lecture 35 Flashcards
Health
what is physical activity
any movement, by muscles, casing increased energy expenditure (including exercise)
what is exercise
physical activity planned, structured and repetitive often for fitness or health
an exercise ‘dose’ reflects …
combination of frequency, intensity and time
what is health
physical, mental and social wellbeing - not just absence of disease
pattern of a stress or stimulus can determine what
whether the outcome is healthy or unhealthy
what are the categories of factors that govern fitness, health and risk of disease
- inherited / biological
- environmental
- behavioural
what factors related to fitness are modifiable
environment and behavioural
physical activity helps prevent and treat
most major diseases and their risk factors
how are dose response relationships differ between people, e.g those with more room to improve
- biggest fitness gain in least fit
- biggest health gain in least healthy (e.g., BP or glucose)
how does the dose response relationship change between conditions
- lipids require a large PA dose
- insulin sensitivity doesn’t
high fitness associates strongly lowers risk for
lung and colorectal cancers
high fitness associates some reduction for
oesophageal and breast cancers
high fitness associates higher risk for
malignant melanoma (skin)
also prostate ?
how does physical activity increase cardiac function
- its vasculature and metabolism
- heart rate, size, contractility, compliance
- stress protective proteins and antioxidants
how does physical activity decrease TPR (due to vessel number, size and function)
- increased endothelial function
- increased blood volume
