Lecture 26

Question 1

a study on marathon runners found that the prevalence of sudden cardiac arrests and cardiac death was

Answer 1

0.20 cardiac arrests, 0.14 sudden cardiac death peer 100,000 runner hours

Question 2

the risk associated with exercise is low but what is the riskiest part

Answer 2

when someone is beginning / resuming exercise after a period of inactivity

Question 3

what is the main reason that people collapse during exercise

Answer 3

cardiac arrhythmias

Question 4

as we age, Atherosclerosis can trigger what

Answer 4

cardiac arryhthmias

Question 5

what is the acute stress of exercise

Answer 5

• increased myocardial demand
• shorted diastole
• sodium / potassium changes
• increased catecholamines

Question 6

what are the immediate effects of post exercise

Answer 6

• decreased venous return
• decreased blood pressure

Question 7

what can you do to reduce the risks of exercise

Answer 7

• pre participation screening (PARQ)
• medical history
• signs and symptoms

Question 8

what does pre participation screening identify (4)

Answer 8

• identify those with medical contraindications
• identify those who should receive medical evaluation / clearance prior to performing PA
• identify those who should participate in a medically supervised PA programme
• identify those with other health / medical concerns

Question 9

factors that may be present in athletes when screening them

Answer 9

• cardiac problems
• respiratory issues
• metabolic issues = type 1 or 2 diabetes
• musculoskeletal issues = previous or existing injury
• psychological issues
• recent covid

Question 10

why can cardiac screening be controversial

Answer 10

not 100% accurate

athletes often have “normal” variations in 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG)

Question 11

are there people who we shouldn’t exercise / asses

Answer 11

yes many absolute and relative conditions

many are acute medical emergencies we haven’t heard of, some are more relevant such as acute system infections (virus or cold)

Question 12

what is the Covid 19 return to play diagram

Answer 12

you follow the diagram based on symptoms and how you feel and it tells you whether it is safe for you to return to exercise

Question 13

how is exercise risk mitigated as much as possible in susceptible individuals

Answer 13

• PARQ
• education “warning” signs and symptoms
• advocate warm up / cool down
• limit / avoid vigorous intensity exercise initially

Question 14

what is PARQ plus

Answer 14

a secondary level of screening

Question 15

if someone answers no to the questions in PARQ plus what does this mean

Answer 15

they are safe to exercise without medical assistance

Question 16

if someone answers yes to the questions in PARQ plus what does this mean

Answer 16

then you can not authorise them to par take in exercise without medical assistance

Question 17

what is cardiorespiratory fitness

Answer 17

ability of circulatory and pulmonary system to supply oxygen during sustained PA

Question 18

what is the gold standard test of aerobic power

Answer 18

VO2 max test = direct measure

Question 19

what are the details of indirect measure / field testing way of measuring cardiorespiratory fitness

Answer 19

• use physiological indicies (e.g heart rate) / work rate to estimate fitness level
• maximal or submaximal

Question 20

example of indirect measure / field testing way of measuring cardiorespiratory fitness

Answer 20

broncho or beep test = good when working with a team

Question 21

when might it be more appropriate to use submaximal testing instead of maximal

Answer 21

in older of clinical populations where the risk would be too high to take them to maximal

Question 22

ways of measuring muscular strength

Answer 22

dynamometry

one repetition maximum (1RPM)

Question 23

what is muscular endurance

Answer 23

the ability of muscle to continue to perform without fatigue

Question 24

what is a direct measure of flexibility

Answer 24

goniometer

Question 25

what is agility

Answer 25

the ability to change the position of the body in space with speed and accuracy

Question 26

what are the broad factors to consider when choosing an appropriate exercise test for someone

Answer 26

best external evidence

client

your expertise