Lecture 10

Question 1

there are 60 elements in our bodies, how many affect life and health

Answer 1

24

Question 2

what are the most abundant elements in the body (96%)

Answer 2

oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen

Question 3

what part of the atom can vary to produce isotopes of the element

Answer 3

the number of neutrons

Question 4

what is deutrium

Answer 4

an isotope of hydrogen (2H)

• stable isotope

Question 5

what is tritium

Answer 5

an isotope of hydrogen (3H)

• radioactive

Question 6

examples of useful tracers in the body

Answer 6

2H = as there is low natural abundance, so can tell us water turnover

C13 = to trace carbon containing molecules e.g glucose

Question 7

what is an ionic bond

Answer 7

atom gains or loses electrons to make stable compound

Question 8

what is a covalent bond

Answer 8

electrons shared, like H20

Question 9

what are the two forms of isomers

Answer 9

constitutional (structural) isomers and stereoisomers

Question 10

how are glucose and fructose used differently in the body

Answer 10

different parts of the body have different enzymes for them, they use them in slightly different ways

Question 11

do acids donate or accept protons

Answer 11

acids donate protons

Question 12

do bases donate or accept protons

Answer 12

bases accept protons

Question 13

what is lactate produced from

Answer 13

produced from pyruvate

Question 14

what is lactic acid

Answer 14

lactate with hydrogen ions bonded

Question 15

what affects acid base balance in the body

Answer 15

• ingestion of foods
• metabolism (CO2 produced, H+ released)
• hyperventilation

Question 16

what is an oxidation reaction

Answer 16

losing electrons

Question 17

what is a reduction reaction

Answer 17

gaining electrons

Question 18

glucose has a molecular weight of 180 so how many g/L would be needed to make a 1 molar (1mole/L) solution

Answer 18

180 g/L

Question 19

to make 100 mmol/L solution how much glucose would you put in 1 L

Answer 19

18 g/L

Question 20

what is the molarity of a 9% (9g/100ml) glucose solution

Answer 20

90 g/L so therefore 6 mol