Lecture 34 - Conservation Biology (part 2) Flashcards
Biodiversity is sustained with…
landscape conservation
Conservation efforts lately have been focusing on…
biodiversity within communities, ecosystems, & landscapes
Biodiversity of a landscape is related to…
landscape structure
Fragmentation
• Species adapted to ecosystem centers have more rapid decline than species along edges
- Ex. Amazon rainforest with isolated forest fragments
Edges
- The boundaries of the ecosystem
- Ex. Edges of forests, lake shorelines, cropland and urban housing tracts
- Edges have their own properties that differ from surrounding ecosystems
- Organisms can thrive in edges because they get resources from both surrounding ecosystems
Edges have their own properties that differ from surrounding ecosystems. Give an example:
Ex soil surface at edges receive more sunlight than the forest beside but is cooler and wetter than the soil in the open areas also beside
Organisms can thrive in edges because…
they get resources from both surrounding ecosystems
• Ex. Ruffled grouse (Bonasa umbellus) needs forests for nesting coverage and winter food but openings for summer food
In fragmented habitats, ______ _______ can exist that help organisms move between fragments
movement corridors
Movement corridors can be what?
Can be narrow strip of land, trees, small clumps of habitat, ect that is similar enough to the habitat fragment
What does movement corridors allow for?
Allows for dispersal, reduces inbreeding, aid in migration
Riparian
(along water ways that undergo frequent and/or periodic flooding) act as corridors (coyotes come into the city via the frozen Red River and it’s riparian banks)
Riparian ecosystems are more than just corridors. They can also…
protect a huge diversity of species from wild fires, such as lichens on alder trees
within montane streams in BC
We can create _______ _______ to help species cross roads that would otherwise have fragmented their habitat
artificial corridors (like Wildlife bridges in Banff National Park; kinda a tunnel on road for cars to go through)
Corridors can be harmful though…
- Can spread diseases among habitat fragments
* Can allow predators to travel into new fragments
What else can we do to protect landscapes and habitats?
Can establish PROTECTED AREAS, preventing/reducing habitat loss as a means to preserve biodiversity
7% of the _____ _____ are in protected areas
world’s land
10% of ______ ______ ____ is in protected areas
Canada’s land mass
Begs the question though….
should the land set aside in protected areas be managed to reduce particular threats (ie wildfires, removing predators, etc) or should we let nature run its course and not interfere?
Biologists focus on areas to be protected that are…
biodiversity hot spots
Biodiversity hot spots
Relatively small area with numerous endemic species and/or a large number of threatened or endangered species