Lecture 32: Gross Anatomy of the Heart

Question 1

What are the types of circulation of the heart?

Answer 1

• Systemic circulation
• Pulmonary circulation
• Hepatic portal circulation

Question 2

What is the heart enclosed in?

Answer 2

The pericardial sac

Question 3

The ___ of the heart is located posteriorly

Answer 3

The base

Question 4

The ___ points inferiorly and to the left

Answer 4

apex

Question 5

The heart is anterior to the _____ and the ____

Answer 5

trachea and esophagus

Question 6

What is the purpose of the pericardial fluid in the pericardial cavity?

Answer 6

To reduce friction between the visceral and parietal pericardium layers when the heart is contracting

Question 7

What is the mediastinum?

Answer 7

A region that extends from the sternum to the vertebral column, the first rib of the diaphragm and between the coverings of of the lungs

Question 8

What is the serous pericardium?

Answer 8

The double layer membrane around the heart that is divided into the parietal and visceral layer

Question 9

Describe the fibrous pericardium

Answer 9

Composed of tough, inelastic, dense irregular CT that

Question 10

What heart chamber receives de-oxygenated blood?

Answer 10

The right atrium

Question 11

What heart chamber receives oxygenated blood

Answer 11

The left atrium

Question 12

What heart chamber pumps de-oxygenated blood?

Answer 12

The right ventricle

Question 13

What heart chamber pumps oxygenated blood?

Answer 13

The left ventricle

Question 14

Where is the interatrial septum located?

Answer 14

Between the right atrium and left atrium

Question 15

Where is the atrioventricular groove (coronary sulcus) located?

Answer 15

Separates the right ventricle and right atrium

Question 16

Where is the interventricular groove located?

Answer 16

Separates right and left ventricles

Question 17

Where are the pectinate muscles located? Describe them

Answer 17

The smooth internal wall that line the remainder of the atrial wall found during development

Question 18

Describe the fossa ovalis

Answer 18

An oval depression in the interatrial septum, which is the remnants of the foramen oval found in babies

Question 19

Describe the trabeculae carneae

Answer 19

the ridges on the inside of the right ventricle formed by raised bundles of cardiac muscle fibres

Question 20

Describe papillary muscle

Answer 20

cone shaped trabeculae carneae

Question 21

Describe the structure and location of the tricuspid valve

Answer 21

Valve for the right atria. Has 3 cusps. Passageway valve for right atrium to right ventricle

Question 22

Describe the structure and location of the bicupsid valve

Answer 22

On the left atria. Has 2 cusps. Valve for passage through Left atria to left ventricle

Question 23

Describe chordae tendineae

Answer 23

The tendon-like cords that the cusps of the right atrioventricular valve is connected to

Question 24

What are the two semilunar valves

Answer 24

The aortic valve and pulmonary valve

Question 25

Describe the pulmonary valve

Answer 25

For passageway through the right ventricle to the pulmonary trunk. Has 3 cusps

Question 26

Describe the aortic valve

Answer 26

For passageway through the left ventricle to the aorta. Has 3 cusps

Question 27

What is the mnemonic to figure out which atrioventricular valve comes first?

Answer 27

TRI before you BI

Question 28

What does the right coronary artery do?

Answer 28

Supplies small branches to the right atrium - Continues inferior to the right auricle and divides into the interventricular and marginal branches

Question 29

What does the posterior interventricular artery do?

Answer 29

Supplies oxygenated blood to the walls of both ventricles

Question 30

What does the marginal branch do?

Answer 30

Runs along the right margin of the heart and transports oxygenated blood to the wall of the right ventricle

Question 31

What does the left coronary artery do?

Answer 31

Passes inferior to the left auricle and divides into the anterior interventricular artery and the circumflex artery

Question 32

What does the circumflex artery do?

Answer 32

Supplies oxygenated blood to the walls of the left ventricle and left artery

Question 33

Describe the great cardiac vein

Answer 33

- In the anterior interventricular sulcus - Drains the areas of the heart supplied by the left coronary artery (left and right ventricles and left atrium)

Question 34

Describe the middle cardiac vein

Answer 34

In the posterior interventricular sulcus Drains the areas supplied by the inferior interventricular artery of the right coronary artery (left and right ventricles)

Question 35

Describe the small cardiac vein

Answer 35

Located in the coronary sulcus, drains the right atrium and right ventricle

Question 36

Describe the coronary sinus

Answer 36

Is the vascular sinus in the coronary sinus that empties the into the right atrium