Lecture 32: Gross Anatomy of the Heart Flashcards
What are the types of circulation of the heart?
- Systemic circulation
- Pulmonary circulation
- Hepatic portal circulation
What is the heart enclosed in?
The pericardial sac
The ___ of the heart is located posteriorly
The base
The ___ points inferiorly and to the left
apex
The heart is anterior to the _____ and the ____
trachea and esophagus
What is the purpose of the pericardial fluid in the pericardial cavity?
To reduce friction between the visceral and parietal pericardium layers when the heart is contracting
What is the mediastinum?
A region that extends from the sternum to the vertebral column, the first rib of the diaphragm and between the coverings of of the lungs
What is the serous pericardium?
The double layer membrane around the heart that is divided into the parietal and visceral layer
Describe the fibrous pericardium
Composed of tough, inelastic, dense irregular CT that
What heart chamber receives de-oxygenated blood?
The right atrium
What heart chamber receives oxygenated blood
The left atrium
What heart chamber pumps de-oxygenated blood?
The right ventricle
What heart chamber pumps oxygenated blood?
The left ventricle
Where is the interatrial septum located?
Between the right atrium and left atrium
Where is the atrioventricular groove (coronary sulcus) located?
Separates the right ventricle and right atrium
Where is the interventricular groove located?
Separates right and left ventricles
Where are the pectinate muscles located? Describe them
The smooth internal wall that line the remainder of the atrial wall found during development
Describe the fossa ovalis
An oval depression in the interatrial septum, which is the remnants of the foramen oval found in babies
Describe the trabeculae carneae
the ridges on the inside of the right ventricle formed by raised bundles of cardiac muscle fibres
Describe papillary muscle
cone shaped trabeculae carneae
Describe the structure and location of the tricuspid valve
Valve for the right atria. Has 3 cusps. Passageway valve for right atrium to right ventricle
Describe the structure and location of the bicupsid valve
On the left atria. Has 2 cusps. Valve for passage through Left atria to left ventricle
Describe chordae tendineae
The tendon-like cords that the cusps of the right atrioventricular valve is connected to
What are the two semilunar valves
The aortic valve and pulmonary valve
Describe the pulmonary valve
For passageway through the right ventricle to the pulmonary trunk. Has 3 cusps
Describe the aortic valve
For passageway through the left ventricle to the aorta. Has 3 cusps
What is the mnemonic to figure out which atrioventricular valve comes first?
TRI before you BI
What does the right coronary artery do?
Supplies small branches to the right atrium
- Continues inferior to the right auricle and divides into the interventricular and marginal branches
What does the posterior interventricular artery do?
Supplies oxygenated blood to the walls of both ventricles
What does the marginal branch do?
Runs along the right margin of the heart and transports oxygenated blood to the wall of the right ventricle
What does the left coronary artery do?
Passes inferior to the left auricle and divides into the anterior interventricular artery and the circumflex artery
What does the circumflex artery do?
Supplies oxygenated blood to the walls of the left ventricle and left artery
Describe the great cardiac vein
- In the anterior interventricular sulcus
- Drains the areas of the heart supplied by the left coronary artery (left and right ventricles and left atrium)
Describe the middle cardiac vein
In the posterior interventricular sulcus
Drains the areas supplied by the inferior interventricular artery of the right coronary artery (left and right ventricles)
Describe the small cardiac vein
Located in the coronary sulcus, drains the right atrium and right ventricle
Describe the coronary sinus
Is the vascular sinus in the coronary sinus that empties the into the right atrium
